{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:19:05Z","timestamp":1790752745980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alveolar macrophages are the preferential site for growth of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) during infection. However, the study of Lp infection in alveolar macrophages is difficult due to the limitation of available primary alveolar macrophages. In the present study, we established an in vitro Lp infection model in alveolar macrophages using a continuous cell line of murine alveolar macrophages designated MH-S. Infection of both MH-S cells and primary mouse alveolar macrophages obtained by alveolar lavage with virulent L. pneumophila (Lp-V) showed vigorous growth of the bacteria, but infection with avirulent L. pneumophila (Lp-Av) resulted in only minimum growth. Cytokine message expression determination in the MH-S cells after infection showed strong induction of interluekin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 messages induced by Lp-V but minimal induction of these cytokines by Lp-Av infection. IL-1 \u03b1 protein secretion and the message levels for IL-1 \u03b1 were also analyzed, and remarkable induction of IL-1 \u03b1 was evident in both macrophage types when infected with Lp-V. Analysis of IL-12 p40 responses of both macrophage types to Lp-V infection assessed by reverse transcriptase\/polymerase chain reaction revealed induction of increased message levels, but significant levels were induced only slowly. Determination of IL-12 protein secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of culture supernatants from both macrophage types infected with either Lp-V or Lp-Av showed only minimum production. Thus, MH-S alveolar macrophages showed a similar response to Lp infection compared with primary alveolar macrophages and can be a useful in vitro model system to study Lp infection. The study also revealed the restricted IL-12 protein secretion of alveolar macrophages by Lp infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.24.3.4359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T21:29:03Z","timestamp":1365024543000},"page":"326-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Alveolar Macrophage Cell Line MH-S Is Valuable as an\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Model for\n                    <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kazuto","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030700030277600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(81)80021-4","article-title":"The pathology of the Legionella pneumosis.","volume":"12","author":"Winn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hum. 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