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The current studies were designed to assess the contribution of interleukin (IL)-4 to fibroblast-mediated inflammation in chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis\/NP. In addition, we hypothesized that cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) may directly influence fibroblast-mediated fibrotic and remodeling pathways in this disorder. Fibroblasts were isolated from NP tissue. All fibroblast lines expressed the IL-4 receptor. IL-4 induced changes in mRNA and protein expression of fibrotic (transforming growth factor-\u03b21 and -\u03b22) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6 and CCL11) by fibroblasts as measured by semiquantitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RNase protection assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of CysLT and other proinflammatory lipid receptors on fibroblasts was evaluated. CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors were not expressed on fibroblasts; however, LPA1 receptor was constitutively expressed and LPA2 receptor expression was upregulated by IL-4. The metabolic cascade involved in CysLT synthesis was not expressed in fibroblasts and could not be induced by IL-4 treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0071oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,18]],"date-time":"2003-08-18T20:36:00Z","timestamp":1061238960000},"page":"212-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Characterization of Interleukin-4\u2013Stimulated Nasal Polyp Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"John W.","family":"Steinke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Otolaryngology, Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Crouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Otolaryngology, Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewayne","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Otolaryngology, Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Hise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Otolaryngology, Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Otolaryngology, Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stilianos E.","family":"Kountakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Otolaryngology, Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Borish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Otolaryngology, Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030623494184000_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.15.4.8879177","volume":"15","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. 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