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In the present study we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-5 plays an obligatory role in the airway remodeling observed in experimental asthma. BALB\/c mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin and exposed daily to aerosol of ovalbumin for up to 3 wk, develop eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchi and subepithelial and peribronchial fibrosis. The lesions are associated with increased amounts of hydroxyproline in the lungs and elevated levels of eosinophils and transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. After 1 wk of allergen challenge, TGF-\u03b2 is mainly produced by eosinophils accumulated in the peribronchial and perivascular lesions. At a later stage of the disease, the main source of TGF-\u03b2 is myofibroblasts, identified by \u03b1-smooth muscle actin mAb. We show that all these lesions, including fibrosis, are abolished in sensitized and allergen-exposed IL-5 receptor\u2013null mice, whereas they are markedly accentuated in IL-5 transgenic animals. More importantly, treatment of wild-type mice with neutralizing anti\u2013IL-5 antibody, administered before each allergen challenge, almost completely prevented subepithelial and peribronchial fibrosis. These findings demonstrated that eosinophils are involved in allergen-induced subepithelial and peribronchial fibrosis probably by producing a fibrogenic factor, TGF-\u03b21.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0305oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,23]],"date-time":"2004-02-23T20:53:01Z","timestamp":1077569581000},"page":"62-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Role of Interleukin-5 and Eosinophils in Allergen-Induced Airway Remodeling in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Komai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Ishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kajiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Takatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Delespesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroichi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030623461970000_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.2.434","volume":"142","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. 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