{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:02:23Z","timestamp":1774566143452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A beryllium (Be)-ferritin adduct containing 270 pm of Be stimulated proliferation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytes from subjects with chronic beryllium disease (CBD) at concentrations 5\u20136 logs lower than the amounts of beryllium sulfate (BeSO4) needed to induce proliferation. We observed increased apoptotic CBD BAL macrophages after exposure to both BeSO4 (50 \u00b1 6%, mean \u00b1 SEM, P &amp;lt; 0.05 versus unstimulated controls) and Be-ferritin (40 \u00b1 2%), whereas only 2.0 \u00b1 0.2% of BAL lymphocytes underwent activation-induced cell death. Be-ferritin also induced apoptosis in BAL macrophages from subjects with Be sensitization (25 \u00b1 3%) and in the H36.12j hybrid macrophage cell line (15 \u00b1 2%). Be-ferritin induced lung macrophage CD95 (Fas) expression and the activation of intracellular caspase-3, -8 and -9. Thus, lung macrophages take up Be-ferritin, delivering physiologically relevant levels of Be that promote Be antigen presentation and macrophage apoptosis. Be-ferritin thereby serves as a \u201cTrojan Horse,\u201d triggering proliferation of Be-ferritin\u2013specific CBD BAL T cells. We hypothesize that Be-ferritin exposure may result in persistent antigen exposure inducing Be-specific T cell clonal expansion and T cell helper type 1\u2013type cytokine production and potentially explains the chronicity of CBD and its development years after environmental Be exposure has ceased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0090oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]],"date-time":"2004-07-15T20:29:17Z","timestamp":1089923357000},"page":"470-477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Beryllium-Ferritin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Robert H. Hollis Laboratory of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Robert H. Hollis Laboratory of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie A.","family":"Fadok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Robert H. Hollis Laboratory of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Chiarappa-Zucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Robert H. Hollis Laboratory of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Robert H. Hollis Laboratory of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Fontenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Robert H. 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