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To characterize the in vivo actions of IL-1 in the lung, transgenic mice were generated in which human IL-1\u03b2 was expressed in the lung epithelium with a doxycycline-inducible system controlled by the rat Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) promoter. Induction of IL-1\u03b2 expression in the lungs of adult mice caused pulmonary inflammation characterized by neutrophil and macrophage infiltrates. IL-1\u03b2 caused distal airspace enlargement, consistent with emphysema. IL-1\u03b2 caused disruption of elastin fibers in alveolar septa and fibrosis in airway walls and in the pleura. IL-1\u03b2 increased the thickness of conducting airways, enhanced mucin production, and caused lymphocytic aggregates in the airways. Decreased immunostaining for the winged helix transcription factor FOXA2 was associated with goblet cell hyperplasia in IL-1\u03b2\u2013expressing mice. The production of the neutrophil attractant CXC chemokines KC (CXCL1) and MIP-2 (CXCL2), and of matrix metalloproteases MMP-9 and MMP-12, was increased by IL-1\u03b2. Chronic production of IL-1\u03b2 in respiratory epithelial cells of adult mice causes lung inflammation, enlargement of distal airspaces, mucus metaplasia, and airway fibrosis in the adult mouse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0309oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,24]],"date-time":"2005-01-24T20:25:20Z","timestamp":1106598320000},"page":"311-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":365,"title":["Interleukin-1\u03b2 Causes Pulmonary Inflammation, Emphysema, and Airway Remodeling in the Adult Murine Lung"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Urpo","family":"Lappalainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden; Divisions of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey 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