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To study the actions of IL-1\u03b2 in the fetal and newborn lung in vivo, we developed a bitransgenic mouse in which IL-1\u03b2 is expressed under conditional control in airway epithelial cells. Perinatal pulmonary expression of IL-1\u03b2 caused respiratory insufficiency that was associated with increased postnatal mortality. While intrauterine growth of IL-1\u03b2\u2013expressing mice was normal, their postnatal growth was impaired. IL-1\u03b2 disrupted alveolar septation and caused abnormalities in \u03b1-smooth muscle actin and elastin deposition in the septa of distal airspaces. IL-1\u03b2 disturbed capillary development and inhibited the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in the lungs of infant mice. IL-1\u03b2 induced the expression of CXC chemokines KC (CXCL1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (CXCL2) and of CC chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 (CCL2) and MCP-3 (CCL7), consistent with neutrophilic and monocytic infiltration of the lungs. IL-1\u03b2 caused goblet cell metaplasia and bronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia. Perinatal expression of IL-1\u03b2 in epithelial cells of the lung caused a lung disease that was clinically and histologically similar to BPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0116oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,3]],"date-time":"2006-08-03T21:06:24Z","timestamp":1154639184000},"page":"32-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["IL-1\u03b2 Disrupts Postnatal Lung Morphogenesis in the Mouse"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Bry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden; and Divisions of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Whitsett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden; and Divisions of Neonatology and 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