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Typical innate immune responses triggered by dsRNA involve the endosomal and cytoplasmic pathways. The former is mediated by Toll\/IL-1R domain\u2013containing adaptor inducing IFN-\u03b2 (TRIF), and the latter by IFN-\u03b2 promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1). We explored the effect of polyinocinic polycytidilic acid, a synthetic dsRNA, on the development of an asthma phenotype in mice. Administration of dsRNA during ovalbumin sensitization augmented airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness after an antigen challenge, which was associated with enhanced induction of IL-13\u2013producing CD8+ T cells. The augmentation was induced in IPS-1\u2013deficient mice but not in TRIF-deficient mice. The interactions between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells are regulated by B7-family costimulatory molecules, including B7-H1 (also known as PD-L1), a putative ligand for programmed death-1 (PD-1). Treatment of bone marrow\u2013derived DCs with dsRNA enhanced B7-H1 expression in a TRIF-dependent manner. Additionally, dsRNA increased B7-H1 expression on DCs in the draining lymph nodes of ovalbumin-sensitized mice. The augmentation of the asthma phenotype was prevented by the treatment of mice with anti\u2013B7-H1 mAb but not with anti\u2013PD-1 mAb. The augmentation was not induced in B7-H1\u2013deficient mice. These results suggest that dsRNA-triggered activation of the innate immune system in sensitization leads to augmentation of the asthma phenotype via IL-13 mainly from CD8+ T cells. B7-H1 plays a crucial role in the process without requiring interaction with PD-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0450oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]],"date-time":"2010-08-27T22:31:38Z","timestamp":1282948298000},"page":"31-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Essential Role of B7-H1 in Double-Stranded RNA\u2013Induced Augmentation of an Asthma Phenotype in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Kan-o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Eguchi-Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Fukuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Moriwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premiere International Immunology Frontier Research Center. 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