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Complications include pneumothoraces and chylous pleural effusions. Ten-year survival is estimated at 70%, and lung transplantation remains the only validated treatment. It has been observed that LAM cells express markers associated with melanocytic differentiation, including gp100 and MART-1. Other melanocytic markers have also been observed. The same proteins are targeted by T cells infiltrating melanoma tumors as well as by T cells infiltrating autoimmune vitiligo skin, and these antigens are regarded as relatively immunogenic. Consequently, vaccines have been developed for melanoma targeting these and other immunogenic melanocyte differentiation proteins. Preliminary data showing susceptibility of LAM cells to melanoma-derived T cells suggest that vaccines targeting melanosomal antigens can be successful in treating LAM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0215tr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]],"date-time":"2011-09-23T01:18:08Z","timestamp":1316740688000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Current Viewpoint of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Supporting Immunotherapeutic Treatment Options"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Dilling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Picken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Eby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. Caroline","family":"Le Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021904121467900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902149","article-title":"Role of the CXCR4\/CXCL12 axis in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and angiomyolipoma","volume":"185","author":"Clements","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026021904121467900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0624","article-title":"Reversible airflow obstruction in lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"136","author":"Taveira-Dasilva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026021904121467900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.023283","article-title":"Survival and disease progression in UK patients with 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