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Although inhalation of silica-containing dust is known to exacerbate chronic respiratory diseases, probably through inflammasome activation, its direct effects on bronchial epithelial cells remain unclear. Here, we show that silica and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) synergistically induces caspase-9\u2013dependent apoptosis, but not inflammasome activation, of bronchial epithelial cells. Intranasal administration of silica and dsRNA to mice synergistically enhanced neutrophil infiltration in the airway without IL-1\u03b2 release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histopathological analysis revealed that silica or dsRNA alone induced slight airway inflammation, whereas combined administration significantly enhanced airway inflammation and epithelial damage. These novel findings suggest that inhalation of silica-containing dust may cause inflammasome-independent airway inflammation, possibly by damaging the epithelial barrier, especially at the time of viral infection. These responses may also be involved in acute lung injury caused by inhaled silica-containing dust.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0281oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T00:12:56Z","timestamp":1395706376000},"page":"344-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Silica and Double-Stranded RNA Synergistically Induce Bronchial Epithelial Apoptosis and Airway Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Unno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Futamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child 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