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In this study, we adapted the CRC method to nasal airway epithelial cells, investigated the growth advantages afforded by this technique over standard culture methods, and determined the cellular and molecular basis of CRC cell culture effects. We found that the CRC method allowed the production of 7.1\u2009\u00d7\u20091010 cells after 4 passages, approximately 379 times more cells than were generated by the standard bronchial epithelial growth media (BEGM) method. These nasal airway epithelial cells expressed normal basal cell markers and could be induced to form a mucociliary epithelium. Progenitor cell frequency was significantly higher using the CRC method in comparison to the standard culture method, and progenitor cell maintenance was dependent on addition of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632. Whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated widespread gene expression changes in Y-27632\u2013treated basal cells. We found that Y-27632 treatment altered expression of genes fundamental to the formation of the basal cell cytoskeleton, cell\u2013cell junctions, and cell\u2013extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Importantly, we found that Y-27632 treatment up-regulated expression of unique basal cell intermediate filament and desmosomal genes. Conversely, Y-27632 down-regulated multiple families of protease\/antiprotease genes involved in ECM remodeling. We conclude that Y-27632 fundamentally alters cell\u2013cell and cell\u2013ECM interactions, which preserves basal progenitor cells and allows greater cell amplification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0274ma","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T17:22:41Z","timestamp":1462382561000},"page":"323-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Airway Progenitor Clone Formation Is Enhanced by Y-27632\u2013Dependent Changes in the Transcriptome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Susan D.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research; Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cydney","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, 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