{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:13:53Z","timestamp":1791242033236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Animal model systems are invaluable for examining human diseases. Our laboratory recently established a mouse model of nasal polyps (NPs) and investigated similarities and differences between this mouse model and human NPs. We especially focus on the hypothesis that B cell activation occurs during NP generation in the murine model. After induction of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinosinusitis, 6% ovalbumin and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (10 ng) were instilled into the nasal cavity of mice three times per week for 8 weeks. The development of structures that somewhat resemble NPs (which we will refer to as NPs) was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA and protein levels of various inflammatory cell markers and mediators were measured by real-time PCR in nasal tissue and by ELISA in nasal lavage fluid (NLF), respectively. Total Ig isotype levels in NLF were also quantitated using the Mouse Ig Isotyping Multiplex kit (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA) on a Luminex 200 instrument (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY). Similar to human NPs, there were significant increases in gene expression of inflammatory cell markers, such as CD19, CD138, CD11c, and mast cell protease-6 in nasal tissue samples of the NP group compared with those of the control group. In further investigations of B cell activation, mRNA expressions of B cell activating factor and a proliferation-inducing ligand were found to be significantly increased in mouse NP tissue. B cell\u2013activating factor protein concentration and IgA and IgG1 levels in NLF were significantly higher in the NP group compared with the control group. In this study, the NP mouse model demonstrated enhanced B cell responses, which are reminiscent of B cell responses in human NPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0002rc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T09:42:53Z","timestamp":1462873373000},"page":"170-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Recently Established Murine Model of Nasal Polyps Demonstrates Activation of B Cells, as Occurs in Human Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Dong-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Hye","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderick G.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Schleimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong H.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy\u2013Immunology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e255","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3727","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B contributes to induction of nasal polypoid lesions in an allergic rhinosinusitis murine model","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5024","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.5024","article-title":"Allergen drives class switching to IgE in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis","volume":"174","author":"Takhar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib3","first-page":"306","article-title":"Differences between IgA and IgE as secretory proteins","volume":"21","author":"Nakajima","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1976.tb01413.x","article-title":"Measurement of specific IgE antibodies in nasal secretion\u2014evidence for local production","volume":"6","author":"Merrett","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Allergy"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib5","first-page":"736","article-title":"Local specific IgE production in nasal polyps associated with negative skin tests and serum RAST","volume":"55","author":"Small","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib6","first-page":"553","article-title":"Mucosal allergy in the absence of systemic allergy in nasal polyposis and rhinitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Shatkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.09.045","article-title":"Class switch recombination to IgE in the bronchial mucosa of atopic and nonatopic patients with asthma","volume":"119","author":"Takhar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.03.002","article-title":"Evidence of a role for B cell\u2013activating factor of the TNF family in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"121","author":"Kato","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.037","article-title":"Evidence for intranasal antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"128","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24016","article-title":"A role for anti-BP180 autoantibodies in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"123","author":"Jeffe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.007","article-title":"Presence of IL-5 protein and IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins in nasal polyps is associated with comorbid asthma","volume":"126","author":"Bachert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200007000-00022","article-title":"Regulation of immunoglobulin secretion by plasma cells infiltrating nasal polyps","volume":"110","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Segura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.01.043","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is characterized by B-cell inflammation and EBV-induced protein 2 expression","volume":"131","author":"Hulse","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2729","article-title":"Effector and regulatory B cells: modulators of CD4+ T cell immunity","volume":"10","author":"Lund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250329","article-title":"Interleukin-12 profoundly up-regulates the synthesis of antigen-specific complement-fixing IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibody subclasses in vivo","volume":"25","author":"Germann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02838.x","article-title":"Local immunoglobulin production in nasal polyposis is modulated by superantigens","volume":"37","author":"Van Zele","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70091-5","article-title":"Nasal polyposis: immunohistochemistry and bioelectrical findings (a hypothesis for the development of nasal polyps)","volume":"99","author":"Bernstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2500\/105065800781329573","article-title":"Nasal polyposis: from cytokines to growth","volume":"14","author":"Bachert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112374","article-title":"Total and specific IgE in nasal polyps is related to local eosinophilic inflammation","volume":"107","author":"Bachert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00621.x","article-title":"Organization of secondary lymphoid tissue and local IgE formation to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyp tissue","volume":"60","author":"Gevaert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12054","article-title":"Local receptor revision and class switching to IgE in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"68","author":"Gevaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026021122385220900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.07.008","article-title":"Different types of T-effector cells orchestrate mucosal inflammation in chronic sinus disease","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/55\/2\/170\/66822985\/ajrcmb_55_2_170.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/55\/2\/170\/66822985\/ajrcmb_55_2_170.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T03:44:16Z","timestamp":1770867856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article\/55\/2\/170\/8469635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0002rc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-1549","1535-4989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-1549","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]}}}