{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T04:11:40Z","timestamp":1770869500642,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of individuals in the population exposed to biomass fuel smoke (BS) is far greater than the number of cigarette smokers. About 20% of cigarette smokers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to smoke-induced irreversible damage and sustained inflammation of the airway epithelium. However, the role of BS in COPD pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain\u2013like receptor family pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3 and caspase-1 in the bronchial epithelium from patients with COPD, and further determined the specific role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in bronchial epithelium injury using two in vitro models (BS and cigarette smoke [CS]) in the human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line (16HBE). After exposure to BS and CS, the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, the transcriptional and translational up-regulation of NLRP3, and the activation of caspase-1 were observed in cells at different time points. Because IL-1\u03b2 secretion was dependent on the NLRP3 inflammasome, we assessed CXCL-8 production in response to smoke. Using a transwell migration assay in which 16HBE cells and human alveolar macrophages were cocultured, we showed that smoke-induced NLRP3 activation in 16HBE cells increased the migration of human alveolar macrophages. When the NLRP3 expression was silenced, the average migration distance of 16HBE was increased in scratch assay, because the activation of NLRP3 induced apoptosis by the p53-Bax mitochondrial pathway in the smoke-induced response. These results demonstrate the importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating BS- and CS-induced HBE cell damage and proapoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0051oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T12:51:32Z","timestamp":1469191892000},"page":"815-824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain\u2013Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Inflammasome Regulates Bronchial Epithelial Cell Injury and Proapoptosis after Exposure to Biomass Fuel Smoke"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Zhihong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wenlong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Xiaoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Wenzhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Siming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Shengming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.05.028","article-title":"Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world","volume":"102","author":"Fullerton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.021","article-title":"Respiratory health effects of air pollution: update on biomass smoke and traffic pollution","volume":"129","author":"Laumbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib3","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge","volume":"78","author":"Bruce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61303-9","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers","volume":"374","author":"Salvi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60988-4","article-title":"New insights into the immunology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"378","author":"Brusselle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.061457","article-title":"Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200612-1749OC","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a large, population-based survey","volume":"176","author":"Zhong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9479","article-title":"Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China: measurements, health impacts, and interventions","volume":"115","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001621","article-title":"Lung function and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after improved cooking fuels and kitchen ventilation: a 9-year prospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00097707","article-title":"Wood smoke exposure induces a pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response in firefighters","volume":"32","author":"Swiston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-011-9360-2","article-title":"Neutrophilic inflammatory response and oxidative stress in premenopausal women chronically exposed to indoor air pollution from biomass burning","volume":"35","author":"Banerjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96708","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096708","article-title":"Upregulation of gelatinases and epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in small airway remodeling associated with chronic exposure to wood smoke","volume":"9","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16900-6","article-title":"Pathophysiology of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"364","author":"Hogg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2007.08.004","article-title":"Beyond inflammation: airway epithelial cells are at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"19","author":"Kato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.033","article-title":"The airway epithelium nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 inflammasome is activated by urban particulate matter","volume":"129","author":"Hirota","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1885","article-title":"Inflammasomes in respiratory disease: from bench to bedside","volume":"145","author":"Brusselle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2691","article-title":"The IL-1 family: regulators of immunity","volume":"10","author":"Sims","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0231TR","article-title":"Regulation and function of the nucleotide binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor, pyrin domain-containing-3 inflammasome in lung disease","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13286","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.24.13286","article-title":"National burden of disease in India from indoor air pollution","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1008-1024","article-title":"Smoke particulates stress lung cells","volume":"14","author":"Adair-Kirk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112829","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112829","article-title":"Role of the inflammasome-caspase1\/11\u2013IL-1\/18 axis in cigarette smoke driven airway inflammation: an insight into the pathogenesis of COPD","volume":"9","author":"Eltom","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00158110","article-title":"Role of IL-1\u03b1 and the Nlrp3\/caspase-1\/IL-1\u03b2 axis in cigarette smoke\u2013induced pulmonary inflammation and COPD","volume":"38","author":"Pauwels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary","volume":"187","author":"Vestbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00090405","article-title":"Stability of housekeeping genes in alveolar macrophages from COPD patients","volume":"27","author":"Ishii","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib25","first-page":"4345","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for research; obtaining adequate sample yield","volume":"85","author":"Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30211","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.238824","article-title":"TLR4 protein contributes to cigarette smoke\u2013induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"286","author":"Geraghty","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00062209","article-title":"Cigarette smoke induces CXCL8 production by human neutrophils via activation of TLR9 receptor","volume":"36","author":"Mortaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52889","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052889","article-title":"A comparison of the inflammatory and proteolytic effects of dung biomass and cigarette smoke exposure in the lung","volume":"7","author":"Mehra","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e424","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.162","article-title":"Apoptosis and necrosis: two different outcomes of cigarette smoke condensate\u2013induced endothelial cell death","volume":"3","author":"Messner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1211","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00291.2006","article-title":"Cigarette smoke\u2013induced blockade of the mitochondrial respiratory chain switches lung epithelial cell apoptosis into necrosis","volume":"292","author":"van der Toorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-3","article-title":"Silica induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human lung epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Peeters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401925","article-title":"The complexity of p53 stabilization and activation","volume":"13","author":"Lavin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1087","article-title":"ASC is a Bax adaptor and regulates the p53\u2013Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathway","volume":"6","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68770-9","article-title":"Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data","volume":"367","author":"Lopez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0201OC","article-title":"Source of biomass cooking fuel determines pulmonary response to household air pollution","volume":"50","author":"Sussan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-203062","article-title":"Innate immunity but not NLRP3 inflammasome activation correlates with severity of stable COPD","volume":"69","author":"Di Stefano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0158OC","article-title":"The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat protein 3 inflammasome\/IL-1 receptor I axis mediates innate, but not adaptive, immune responses after exposure to particulate matter under 10 \u03bcm","volume":"52","author":"Hirota","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09663","article-title":"A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"469","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00053805","article-title":"Oxidative stress and redox regulation of lung inflammation in COPD","volume":"28","author":"Rahman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00599-3","article-title":"The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-\u03b2","volume":"10","author":"Martinon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-11-28","article-title":"Inflammasome activation in airway epithelial cells after multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure mediates a profibrotic response in lung fibroblasts","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156995","article-title":"Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica","volume":"320","author":"Dostert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C182","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00086.2013","article-title":"NLRP3 deletion protects from hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury","volume":"305","author":"Fukumoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0505OC","article-title":"Cigarette smoke\u2013induced damage\u2013associated molecular pattern release from necrotic neutrophils triggers proinflammatory mediator release","volume":"52","author":"Heijink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0269OC","article-title":"Particulate matter induces alveolar epithelial cell DNA damage and apoptosis: role of free radicals and the mitochondria","volume":"29","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026021122404974000_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2014.02.007","article-title":"Calcium signaling and mitochondrial destabilization in the triggering of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"35","author":"Horng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/55\/6\/815\/66823588\/ajrcmb_55_6_815.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/55\/6\/815\/66823588\/ajrcmb_55_6_815.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T03:46:48Z","timestamp":1770868008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article\/55\/6\/815\/8469704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0051oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-1549","1535-4989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-1549","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]}}}