{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:10:38Z","timestamp":1790507438744,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been linked to aggravation of respiratory symptoms, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Although the health effects of PM on the lower pulmonary airway have been extensively studied, little is known regarding the impact of chronic PM exposure on the upper sinonasal airway. We sought to test the impact of chronic airborne PM exposure on the upper respiratory system in vivo. Mice were subjected, by inhalation, to concentrated fine (2.5 \u03bcm) PM 6 h\/d, 5 d\/wk, for 16 weeks. Mean airborne fine PM concentration was 60.92 \u03bcm\/m3, a concentration of fine PM lower than that reported in some major global cities. Mice were then killed and analyzed for evidence of inflammation and barrier breakdown compared with control mice. Evidence of the destructive effects of chronic airborne PM on sinonasal health in vivo, including proinflammatory cytokine release, and macrophage and neutrophil inflammatory cell accumulation was observed. A significant increase in epithelial barrier dysfunction was observed, as assessed by serum albumin accumulation in nasal airway lavage fluid, as well as decreased expression of adhesion molecules, including claudin-1 and epithelial cadherin. A significant increase in eosinophilic inflammation, including increased IL-13, eotaxin-1, and eosinophil accumulation, was also observed. Collectively, although largely observational, these studies demonstrate the destructive effects of chronic airborne PM exposure on the sinonasal airway barrier disruption and nonallergic eosinophilic inflammation in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0351oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T19:05:26Z","timestamp":1488308726000},"page":"59-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Airborne Particulate Matter Induces Nonallergic Eosinophilic Sinonasal Inflammation in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Murugappan","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Nyall R.","family":"London","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Tharakan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitya","family":"Surya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Sussan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoquan","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Y.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Toskala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Biswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005","article-title":"A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter","volume":"74","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21573","article-title":"Occupational and environmental risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Sundaresan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8292(01)00040-5","article-title":"Urban air pollution and health: an ecological study of chronic rhinosinusitis in Cologne, Germany","volume":"8","author":"Wolf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20097","article-title":"Air quality influences the prevalence of hay fever and sinusitis","volume":"119","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-25","article-title":"Exposures to fine particulate air pollution and respiratory outcomes in adults using two national datasets: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Nachman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21413","article-title":"Air pollutants cause release of hydrogen peroxide and interleukin-8 in a human primary nasal tissue culture model","volume":"4","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.027","article-title":"Air pollutant-mediated disruption of sinonasal epithelial cell barrier function is reversed by activation of the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"138","author":"London","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.10.050","article-title":"Impaired barrier function in patients with house dust mite\u2013induced allergic rhinitis is accompanied by decreased occludin and zonula occludens-1 expression","volume":"137","author":"Steelant","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.21","article-title":"Innate immunity and chronic rhinosinusitis: what we have learned from animal models","volume":"1","author":"London","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngology"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3769-4","article-title":"Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome is not associated with local production of specific IgE in nasal mucosa","volume":"273","author":"Becker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib11","first-page":"E69","article-title":"The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system","volume":"8","author":"Xing","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37343","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.511527","article-title":"Protein kinase D promotes airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and permeability through down-regulation of claudin-1","volume":"288","author":"Gan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.043","article-title":"Oncostatin M promotes mucosal epithelial barrier dysfunction, and its expression is increased in patients with eosinophilic mucosal disease","volume":"136","author":"Pothoven","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib14","article-title":"Chronic particulate patter (PM) exposure is associated with Th2 mediated eosinophilic sinonasal inflammation","author":"Tharakan","journal-title":"Presented at the Pathophysiology of CRS Session, 26th European Rhinologic Society\/ISIAN Meeting. July 2016. Stockholm, Sweden"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.23.3003","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in an animal model","volume":"294","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21768","article-title":"Characterization of a novel high-dose ovalbumin\u2013induced murine model of allergic sinonasal inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Mendiola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.02.003","article-title":"Status and characteristics of ambient PM2.5 pollution in global megacities","volume":"89-90","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib18","first-page":"Doc09","article-title":"Pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis, pharmaceutical therapy options","volume":"14","author":"Bachert","year":"2015","journal-title":"GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21298","article-title":"Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 compromise the sinonasal epithelial barrier and perturb intercellular junction protein expression","volume":"4","author":"Wise","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib20","first-page":"69","article-title":"The role of innate immunity and aeroallergens in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"79","author":"London","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70233-6","article-title":"Enhanced nasal cytokine production in human beings after in vivo challenge with diesel exhaust particles","volume":"98","author":"Diaz-Sanchez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.2406","article-title":"Combined diesel exhaust particulate and ragweed allergen challenge markedly enhances human in vivo nasal ragweed-specific IgE and skews cytokine production to a T helper cell 2-type pattern","volume":"158","author":"Diaz-Sanchez","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.239.117","article-title":"Airborne fine particulate matter induces oxidative stress and inflammation in human nasal epithelial cells","volume":"239","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0099OC","article-title":"IL-13+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells correlate with asthma control status and treatment response","volume":"55","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026021122444270500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.011","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells in allergic and nonallergic inflammation","volume":"138","author":"Morita","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/57\/1\/59\/66805086\/ajrcmb_57_1_59.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/57\/1\/59\/66805086\/ajrcmb_57_1_59.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T03:50:43Z","timestamp":1770868243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article\/57\/1\/59\/8467246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0351oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-1549","1535-4989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-1549","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}}}