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The gut microbiome has important roles in human health and disease, and a growing body of evidence indicates a link between the gut microbiome and asthma. Here, we review those data focusing on the role of the microbiome in mouse models of nonallergic asthma including obese asthma and asthma triggered by exposure to air pollutants. We describe the impact of antibiotics, diet, and early life events on airway responses to the air pollutant ozone, including in the setting of obesity. We also review potential mechanisms responsible for gut\u2013lung interactions focusing on bacterial-derived metabolites, the immune system, and hormones. Finally, we discuss future prospects for gut microbiome\u2013targeted therapies such as fecal microbiome transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, and prudent use of antibiotics. Better understanding of the role of the microbiome in airway responses may lead to exploration of new microbiome-targeted therapies to control asthma, especially nonallergic forms of asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2020-0288tr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T19:48:52Z","timestamp":1603396132000},"page":"283-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Gut Microbiome and Ozone-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; and"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Shore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021100474522300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1892","article-title":"The many paths to asthma: phenotype shaped by innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026021100474522300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.08.2192","article-title":"Meeting the challenge of identifying new treatments for type 2-low neutrophilic asthma","volume":"157","author":"Kalchiem-Dekel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026021100474522300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013","article-title":"International ERS\/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe 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