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Existing literature regarding ECFCs in neonatal and adult pulmonary diseases is confounded by the study of ambiguously defined \u201cendothelial progenitor cells,\u201d which are often not true ECFCs. This review contrasts adult and fetal ECFCs, discusses the effect of prematurity on ECFCs, and examines their different pathological roles in neonatal and adult pulmonary diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary artery hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therapeutic potential is also discussed in light of available preclinical data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2022-0318ps","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T11:32:06Z","timestamp":1665401526000},"page":"13-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pathological Roles for Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Neonatal and Adult Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8482-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason O.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Children\u2019s and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5202-9065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serpil C.","family":"Erzurum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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