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Here, we report that in patients with melioidosis, a lower peripheral blood \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell concentration is associated with higher mortality, even when adjusting for severity of illness. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were also enriched in the lung and protected against mortality in a mouse model of pulmonary melioidosis. \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell deficiency in infected mice induced an early recruitment of neutrophils to the lung, independent of bacterial burden. Subsequently, \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell deficiency resulted in increased neutrophil-associated inflammation in the lung as well as impaired bacterial clearance. In addition, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells influenced neutrophil function and subset diversity in the lung after infection. Our results indicate that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells serve a novel protective role in the lung during severe bacterial pneumonia by regulating excessive neutrophil-associated inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2024-0072oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T15:57:43Z","timestamp":1719503863000},"page":"546-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["\u03b3\u03b4 T Cells Mediate Protection against Neutrophil-associated Lung Inflammation in Pulmonary Melioidosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelton W.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sineenart","family":"Sengyee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peeraya","family":"Ekchariyawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rungnapa","family":"Phunpang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adul","family":"Dulsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilhem","family":"Rerolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Bashmail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narisara","family":"Chantratita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina A.","family":"Gharib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Center for Lung Biology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5503-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. 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