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The expression of Ear genes in the mouse is confined to sites of known eosinophilopoiesis, with the exception of the lung. Two Ear genes, Ear1 and Ear2, are predominantly expressed in the lungs of naive mice. Total Ear gene expression and RNase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increases significantly upon the induction of pulmonary inflammation using an ovalbumin (OVA) model of allergic sensitization and challenge. Interestingly, pulmonary Ear11 transcripts, which are absent in naive mice, accumulate as a consequence of OVA-mediated TH2 inflammation in the lung. The induction of Ear11 expression is dependent on the presence of T cells, in particular, CD4+ T lymphocytes. This effect is likely the result of the elaboration of TH2 cytokine levels, because pulmonary instillation of interleukin-4 or interleukin-13 induces the accumulation of Ear11 transcripts in naive animals. This study demonstrates that despite an allergen-mediated pulmonary eosinophilia and earlier studies showing that Ears are constituents of eosinophil secondary granules, alveolar macrophages are a significant source of these RNases in lungs of OVA-treated mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.4882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T21:09:16Z","timestamp":1365023356000},"page":"678-687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["T\n                    <b>H<\/b>\n                    2-Mediated Pulmonary Inflammation Leads to the Differential Expression of Ribonuclease Genes by Alveolar Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Stephania A.","family":"Cormier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Hematology\/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, S.C. 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