{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:57:47Z","timestamp":1791928667090,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]],"date-time":"2018-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524441600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]],"date-time":"2018-05-25T18:32:20Z","timestamp":1527273140000},"page":"2142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Color Vision in Aniridia"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Hilde R.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene A.","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erlend C. S.","family":"Landsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart J.","family":"Gilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ygunn A.","family":"Utheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor P.","family":"Utheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Neitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rigmor C.","family":"Baraas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ed\u00e9n U, Iggman D, Riise R, Tornqvist K. Epidemiology of aniridia in Sweden and Norway. Acta Ophthalmol. 2008; 86: 727\u2013729.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01309.x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hingorani M, Williamson KA, Moore AT, van Heyningen V. Detailed ophthalmologic evaluation of 43 individuals with PAX6 mutations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50: 2581\u20132590.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2827"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCulley TJ, Mayer K, Dahr SS, Simpson J, Holland EJ. Aniridia and optic nerve hypoplasia. Eye (Lond). 2005; 19: 762\u2013764.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701642"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hingorani M, Hanson I, van Heyningen V. Aniridia. Eur J Hum Genet. 2012; 20: 1011\u20131017.","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.100"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee H, Khan R, O'Keefe M. Aniridia: current pathology and management. Acta Ophthalmol. 2008; 86: 708\u2013715.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01427.x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eden U, Lagali N, Dellby A, et al. Cataract development in Norwegian patients with congenital aniridia. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014; 92: e165\u2013e167.","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12225"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Netland PA, Scott ML, Boyle JWT, Lauderdale JD. Ocular and systemic findings in a survey of aniridia subjects. J AAPOS. 2011; 15: 562\u2013566.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.07.009"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landsend ES, Utheim OA, Pedersen HR, Lagali N, Baraas RC, Utheim TP. The genetics of congenital aniridia\u2014a guide for the ophthalmologist. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018; 63: 105\u2013113.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.09.004"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincent MC, Pujo AL, Olivier D, Calvas P. Screening for PAX6 gene mutations is consistent with haploinsufficiency as the main mechanism leading to various ocular defects. Eur J Hum Genet. 2003; 11: 163\u2013169.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200940"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b10","unstructured":"Shaw MW, Falls HF, Neel JV. Congenital aniridia. Am J Hum Genet. 1960; 12: 389\u2013415."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tzoulaki I, White IM, Hanson IM. PAX6 mutations: genotype-phenotype correlations. BMC Genet. 2005; 6: 27.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-6-27"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmstrom G, Eriksson U, Hellgren K, Larsson E. Optical coherence tomography is helpful in the diagnosis of foveal hypoplasia. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010; 88: 439\u2013442.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.01533.x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregory-Evans K, Cheong-Leen R, George SM, et al. Non-invasive anterior segment and posterior segment optical coherence tomography and phenotypic characterization of aniridia. Can J Ophthalmol. 2011; 46: 337\u2013344.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2011.06.011"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riesenberg AN, Le TT, Willardsen MI, Blackburn DC, Vetter ML, Brown NL. Pax6 regulation of Math5 during mouse retinal neurogenesis. Genesis. 2009; 47: 175\u2013187.","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20479"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marquardt T, Ashery-Padan R, Andrejewski N, Scardigli R, Guillemot F, Gruss P. Pax6 is required for the multipotent state of retinal progenitor cells. Cell. 2001; 105: 43\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00295-1"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schedl A, Ross A, Lee M, et al. Influence of PAX6 gene dosage on development: overexpression causes severe eye abnormalities. Cell. 1996; 86: 71\u201382.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80078-1"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh YW, Yang XJ. Dynamic Pax6 expression during the neurogenic cell cycle influences proliferation and cell fate choices of retinal progenitors. Neural Dev. 2009; 4: 32.","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-4-32"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philips GT, Stair CN, Young Lee H, et al. Precocious retinal neurons: Pax6 controls timing of differentiation and determination of cell type. Dev Biol. 2005; 279: 308\u2013321.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.12.018"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manuel M, Pratt T, Liu M, Jeffery G, Price DJ. Overexpression of Pax6 results in microphthalmia, retinal dysplasia and defective retinal ganglion cell axon guidance. BMC Dev Biol. 2008; 8: 59.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-8-59"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b20","unstructured":"Leventhal AG. Evidence that retinal ganglion cell density affects foveal development. Perspect Dev Neurobiol. 1996; 3: 203\u2013211."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuodelis C, Hendrickson A. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the human fovea during development. Vision Res. 1986; 26: 847\u2013855.","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(86)90143-4"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Provis JM, Dubis AM, Maddess T, Carroll J. Adaptation of the central retina for high acuity vision: cones, the fovea and the avascular zone. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013; 35: 63\u201381.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.01.005"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendrickson A, Possin D, Vajzovic L, Toth CA. Histologic development of the human fovea from midgestation to maturity. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012; 154: 767\u2013778.e2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.05.007"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neitz J, Neitz M. The genetics of normal and defective color vision. Vision Res. 2011; 51: 633\u2013651.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.12.002"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solomon SG, Lennie P. The machinery of colour vision. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007; 8: 276\u2013286.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2094"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao M, Hendrickson A. Spatial and temporal expression of short, long\/medium, or both opsins in human fetal cones. J Comp Neurol. 2000; 425: 545\u2013559.","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001002)425:4<545::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornish EE, Hendrickson AE, Provis JM. Distribution of short-wavelength-sensitive cones in human fetal and postnatal retina: early development of spatial order and density profiles. Vision Res. 2004; 44: 2019\u20132026.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.03.030"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dees EW, Gilson SJ, Neitz M, Baraas RC. The influence of L-opsin gene polymorphisms and neural ageing on spatio-chromatic contrast sensitivity in 20\u201371 year olds. Vision Res. 2015; 116: 13\u201324.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2015.08.015"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b29","unstructured":"Chylack LT Jr, Wolfe JK, Singer DM, et al. The lens opacities classification system III. The longitudinal study of Cataract Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993; 111: 831\u2013836."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackman G, Brightbill FS, Optiz JM. Corneal changes in aniridia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1979; 87: 497\u2013502.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(79)90238-1"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barr DB, Weir CR, Purdie AT. An appraisal of the disc-macula distance to disc diameter ratio in the assessment of optic disc size. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1999; 19: 365\u2013375.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00463.x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato KI. Reference interval for the disc-macula distance to disc diameter ratio in a large population of healthy Japanese adults: a prospective, observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96: e6613.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006613"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubis AM, Costakos DM, Subramaniam CD, et al. Evaluation of normal human foveal development using optical coherence tomography and histologic examination. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012; 130: 1291\u20131300.","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.2270"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendrickson AE, Yuodelis C. The morphological development of the human fovea. Ophthalmology. 1984; 91: 603\u2013612.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34247-6"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park JC, Collison FT, Fishman GA, et al. Objective analysis of hyperreflective outer retinal bands imaged by optical coherence tomography in patients with Stargardt disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015; 56: 4662\u20134667.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16955"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas MG, Kumar A, Mohammad S, et al. Structural grading of foveal hypoplasia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography a predictor of visual acuity? Ophthalmology. 2011; 118: 1653\u20131660.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.028"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konstantakopoulou E, Rodriguez-Carmona M, Barbur JL. Processing of color signals in female carriers of color vision deficiency. J Vis. 2012; 12 (2): 11.","DOI":"10.1167\/12.2.11"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Neill-Biba M, Sivaprasad S, Rodriguez-Carmona M, Wolf JE, Barbur JL. Loss of chromatic sensitivity in AMD and diabetes: a comparative study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2010; 30: 705\u2013716.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2010.00775.x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vemala R, Sivaprasad S, Barbur JL. Detection of early loss of color vision in age-related macular degeneration \u2013 with emphasis on drusen and reticular pseudodrusen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017; 58: BIO247\u2013BIO254.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21771"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seshadri J, Christensen J, Lakshminarayanan V, Bassi CJ. Evaluation of the new web-based \u201cColour Assessment and Diagnosis\u201d test. Optom Vis Sci. 2005; 82: 882\u2013885.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000182211.48498.4e"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbur JL, Rodriguez-Carmona M, Harlow JA, Mancuso K, Neitz J, Neitz M. A study of unusual Rayleigh matches in deutan deficiency. Vis Neurosci. 2008; 25: 507\u2013516.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523808080619"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbur JL. \u2018Double-blindsight' revealed through the processing of color and luminance contrast defined motion signals. Prog Brain Res. 2004; 144: 243\u2013259.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)14417-2"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbur JL, Harlow AJ, Plant GT. Insights into the different exploits of colour in the visual cortex. Proc Biol Sci. 1994; 258: 327\u2013334.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0181"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b44","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Carmona M, Harlow A, Walker G, Barbur J. The variability of normal trichromatic vision and the establishment of the \u201cnormal\u201d range. In: Nieves JL, Hern\u00e1ndez-Andr\u00e9s J, eds. Proceedings of 10th Congress of the International Colour Association. Granada, Spain: Association Internationale de la Couleur; 2005: 979\u2013982."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b45","unstructured":"Barbur JL, Rodriguez-Carmona M, Harlow AJ. Establishing the statistical limits of \u2018normal' chromatic sensitivity. In: Proceedings of the ISCC\/CIE Expert Symposium 2006: 75 Years of the CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer. Vienna, Austria: International Commission on Illumination; 2006."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regan BC, Reffin JP, Mollon JD. Luminance noise and the rapid determination of discrimination ellipses in colour deficiency. Vision Res. 1994; 34: 1279\u20131299.","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90203-8"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baraas RC, Hagen LA, Dees EW, Neitz M. Substitution of isoleucine for threonine at position 190 of S-opsin causes S-cone-function abnormalities. Vision Res. 2012; 73: 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2012.09.007"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linksz A. An Essay on Color Vision and Clinical Color-Vision Tests. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1964.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(64)91250-4"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rushton WAH. Review Lecture. Pigments and signals in colour vision. J Physiol. 1972; 220: 1P\u201331P.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009719"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dees EW, Baraas RC. Performance of normal females and carriers of color-vision deficiencies on standard color-vision tests. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2014; 31: A401\u2013A409.","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.31.00A401"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidoff C, Neitz M, Neitz J. Genetic testing as a new standard for clinical diagnosis of color vision deficiencies. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2016; 5 (5): 2.","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.5.2"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yokoi T, Nishina S, Fukami M, et al. Genotype-phenotype correlation of PAX6 gene mutations in aniridia. Hum Genome Var. 2016; 3: 15052.","DOI":"10.1038\/hgv.2015.52"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansari M, Rainger J, Hanson IM, et al. Genetic analysis of \u2018PAX6-negative' individuals with Aniridia or Gillespie syndrome. PLoS One. 2016; 11: e0153757.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153757"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b54","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment For Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2016."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b55","unstructured":"Koenker R. Quantreg: Quantile Regression. R Package Version 5.33. Available at: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=quantreg."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoblauch K, Vital-Durand F, Barbur JL. Variation of chromatic sensitivity across the life span. Vision Res. 2001; 41: 23\u201336.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00205-4"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paramei GV, Oakley B. Variation of color discrimination across the life span. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2014; 31: A375\u2013A384.","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.31.00A375"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbur JL, Rodriguez-Carmona M. Color vision changes in normal aging. In: Elliott AJ, Fairchild MD, Franklin A, eds. Handbook of Color Psychology. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2015: 180\u2013196.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107337930.009"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber U, Petersen J. Morphological and functional findings in a family with aniridia [in German]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1981; 178: 439\u2013445.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1057237"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bredrup C, Knappskog PM, Rodahl E, Boman H. Clinical manifestation of a novel PAX6 mutation Arg128Pro. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008; 126: 428\u2013430.","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.3.428"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renner AB, Knau H, Neitz M, Neitz J, Werner JS. Photopigment optical density of the human foveola and a paradoxical senescent increase outside the fovea. Vis Neurosci. 2004; 21: 827\u2013834.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523804216030"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neveu MM, von dem Hagen E, Morland AB, Jeffery G. The fovea regulates symmetrical development of the visual cortex. J Comp Neurol. 2008; 506: 791\u2013800.","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21574"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o PE, Fishman GA, Anderson RJ. Color vision in albino subjects. Doc Ophthalmol. 1983; 55: 341\u2013350.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00161289"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen T, Pracejus L, Gegenfurtner KR. Color perception in the intermediate periphery of the visual field. J Vis. 2009; 9 (4): 26.","DOI":"10.1167\/9.4.26"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dees EW, Dubra A, Baraas RC. Variability in parafoveal cone mosaic in normal trichromatic individuals. Biomed Opt Express. 2011; 2: 1351\u20131358.","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.001351"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll J, Baraas RC, Wagner-Schuman M, et al. Cone photoreceptor mosaic disruption associated with Cys203Arg mutation in the M-cone opsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009; 106: 20948\u201320953.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910128106"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaelides M, Rha J, Dees EW, et al. Integrity of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in oligocone trichromacy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011; 52: 4757\u20134764.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6659"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratnam K, Carroll J, Porco TC, Duncan JL, Roorda A. Relationship between foveal cone structure and clinical measures of visual function in patients with inherited retinal degenerations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54: 5836\u20135847.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12557"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b69","unstructured":"Papaconstantinou D, Georgalas I, Kalantzis G, et al. Acquired color vision and visual field defects in patients with ocular hypertension and early glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol. 2009; 3: 251\u2013257."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niwa Y, Muraki S, Naito F, Minamikawa T, Ohji M. Evaluation of acquired color vision deficiency in glaucoma using the Rabin cone contrast test. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014; 55: 6686\u20136690.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14079"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauscher FG, Chisholm CM, Edgar DF, Barbur JL. Assessment of novel binocular colour, motion and contrast tests in glaucoma. Cell Tissue Res. 2013; 353: 297\u2013310.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1675-x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincent A, Kemmanu V, Shetty R, Anandula V, Madhavarao B, Shetty B. Variable expressivity of ocular associations of foveal hypoplasia in a family. Eye (Lond). 2009; 23: 1735\u20131739.","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.180"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliver MD, Dotan SA, Chemke J, Abraham FA. Isolated foveal hypoplasia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987; 71: 926\u2013930.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.71.12.926"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gr\u00f8nskov K, Ek J, Brondum-Nielsen K. Oculocutaneous albinism. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007; 2: 43.","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-43"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilia M, Jeffery G. Retinal cell addition and rod production depend on early stages of ocular melanin synthesis. J Comp Neurol. 2000; 420: 437\u2013444.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000515)420:4<437::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scoles D, Sulai YN, Langlo CS, et al. In vivo imaging of human cone photoreceptor inner segments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014; 55: 4244\u20134251.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14542"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubra A, Sulai Y. Reflective afocal broadband adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope. Biomed Opt Express. 2011; 2: 1757\u20131768.","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.001757"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-5-2142-b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedersen HR, Gilson SJ, Dubra A, Munch IC, Larsen M, Baraas RC. Multimodal imaging of small hard retinal drusen in young healthy adults. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018; 102: 146\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310719"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2679803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:30:52Z","timestamp":1791927052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.17-23047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-23047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]]}}}