{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:57:44Z","timestamp":1791928664834,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T18:04:24Z","timestamp":1543341864000},"page":"DES138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Systemic Health and Dry Eye"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Motoko","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, et al. TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report. Ocul Surf. 2017; 15: 334\u2013365.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes JAP, Azar DT, Baudouin C, et al. TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report. Ocul Surf. 2017; 15: 511\u2013538.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.004"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan LL, Morgan P, Cai ZQ, Straughan RA. Prevalence of and risk factors for symptomatic dry eye disease in Singapore. Clin Exp Optom. 2015; 98: 45\u201353.","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12210"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn JM, Lee SH, Rim TH, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with dry eye: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010\u20132011. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014; 158: 1205\u20131214.e7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.08.021"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang TJ, Wang IJ, Hu CC, Lin HC. Comorbidities of dry eye disease: a nationwide population-based study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012; 90: 663\u2013668.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2010.01993.x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchino M, Nishiwaki Y, Michikawa T, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in Japan: Koumi Study. Ophthalmology. 2011; 118: 2361\u20132367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.05.029"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b07","unstructured":"Tang YL, Cheng YL, Ren YP, Yu XN, Shentu XC. Metabolic syndrome risk factors and dry eye syndrome: a meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol. 2016; 9: 1038\u20131045."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bordone L, Guarente L. Calorie restriction, SIRT1 and metabolism: understanding longevity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005; 6: 298\u2013305.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1616"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontana L, Weiss EP, Villareal DT, Klein S, Holloszy JO. Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans. Aging Cell. 2008; 7: 681\u2013687.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2008.00417.x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spindler SR. Calorie restriction enhances the expression of key metabolic enzymes associated with protein renewal during aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001; 928: 296\u2013304.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05659.x"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blagosklonny MV. An anti-aging drug today: from senescence-promoting genes to anti-aging pill. Drug Discov Today. 2007; 12: 218\u2013224.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.01.004"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heilbronn LK, de Jonge L, Frisard MI, et al. Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006; 295: 1539\u20131548.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1539"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsubota K, Kawashima M, Inaba T, et al. The era of antiaging ophthalmology comes of age: antiaging approach for dry eye treatment. Ophthalmic Res. 2010; 44: 146\u2013154.","DOI":"10.1159\/000316594"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Ozawa Y, Shinmura K, et al. Calorie restriction (CR) and CR mimetics for the prevention and treatment of age-related eye disorders. Exp Gerontol. 2013; 48: 1096\u20131100.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2013.04.002"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Uchino M, Yokoi N, et al. Decreased tear volume in patients with metabolic syndrome: the Osaka Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013; 98: 418\u2013420.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303953"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Uchino M, Yokoi N, et al. The association of sleep quality with dry eye disease: the Osaka Study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016; 10: 1015\u20131021.","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S99620"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Uchino M, Yokoi N, et al. The association between dry eye disease and physical activity as well as sedentary behavior: results from the Osaka Study. J Ophthalmol. 2014; 2014: e943786.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/943786"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima MUM, Uchino M, Yokoi N, et al. Associations between subjective happiness and dry eye disease: a new perspective from the Osaka study. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0123299.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123299"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchino Y, Kawakita T, Miyazawa M, et al. Oxidative stress induced inflammation initiates functional decline of tear production. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e45805.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045805"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima T, Wakamatsu TH, Dogru M, et al. Age-related dysfunction of the lacrimal gland and oxidative stress: evidence from the Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1) knockout mice. Am J Pathol. 2012; 180: 1879\u20131896.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.01.019"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Kawakita T, Okada N, et al. Calorie restriction: a new therapeutic intervention for age-related dry eye disease in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010; 397: 724\u2013728.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.06.018"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Uchino M, Yokoi N, et al. Decreased tear volume in patients with metabolic syndrome: the Osaka Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014; 98: 418\u2013420.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303953"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadowaki T, Sekikawa A, Murata K, et al. Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006; 30: 1163\u20131165.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803248"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchino M, Dogru M, Yagi Y, et al. The features of dry eye disease in a Japanese elderly population. Optom Vis Sci. 2006; 83: 797\u2013802.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000232814.39651.fa"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdur SK, Aydin R, Ozsutcu M, et al. The relationship between metabolic syndrome, its components, and dry eye: a cross-sectional study. Curr Eye Res. 2017; 42: 1115\u20131117.","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1280511"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serefoglu Cabuk K, Cakir I, Kirgiz A, Atalay K, Taskapili M. Dry eye disease in patients with metabolic syndrome. Saudi Med J. 2016; 37: 1334\u20131338.","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.12.15623"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owen N, Bauman A, Brown W. Too much sitting: a novel and important predictor of chronic disease risk? Br J Sports Med. 2009; 43: 81\u201383.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.055269"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton MT, Hamilton DG, Zderic TW. Role of low energy expenditure and sitting in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes. 2007; 56: 2655\u20132667.","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0882"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, et al. Breaks in sedentary time: beneficial associations with metabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31: 661\u2013666.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2046"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohl HW III, Craig CL, Lambert EV, et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012; 380: 294\u2013305.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60898-8"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hush JM, Maher CG, Refshauge KM. Risk factors for neck pain in office workers: a prospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006; 7: 81.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-81"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gren T1, Nissinen KJ, J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4 SK, Ojanen MT, Vanharanta H, M\u00e4lki\u00e4 EA. Effects of a workplace physical exercise intervention on the intensity of headache and neck and shoulder symptoms and upper extremity muscular strength of office workers: a cluster randomized controlled cross-over trial. Pain. 2005; 116: 119\u2013128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.03.031"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sano K, Kawashima M, Ito A, et al. Aerobic exercise increases tear secretion in type 2 diabetic mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014; 55: 4287\u20134294.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13289"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sano K, Kawashima M, Takechi S, Mimura M, Tsubota K. Exercise program improved subjective dry eye symptoms for office workers. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018; 12: 307\u2013311.","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S149986"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Sano K, Takechi S, Tsubota K. Impact of lifestyle intervention on dry eye disease in office workers: a randomized controlled trial. J Occup Health. 2018; 60: 281\u2013288.","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.2017-0191-OA"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sano K, Kawashima M, Ikeura K, Arita R, Tsubota K. Abdominal breathing increases tear secretion in healthy women. Ocul Surf. 2015; 13: 82\u201387.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2014.08.002"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horowitz L, Sarkin JM. Video display terminal operation: a potential risk in the etiology and maintenance of temporomandibular disorders. Cranio. 1992; 10: 43\u201350.","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1992.11677890"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Yamamoto S, Noro K, Fukumoto T, Kuroiwa A. The effects of VDT work on the regulation of hemodynamics compared with aging. Ergonomics. 1989; 32: 1595\u20131605.","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138908966928"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b39","unstructured":"Pal GK, Velkumary S, Madanmohan. Effect of short-term practice of breathing exercises on autonomic functions in normal human volunteers. Indian J Med Res. 2004; 120: 115\u2013121."},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima M, Nakamura S, Izuta Y, Inoue S, Tsubota K. Dietary supplementation with a combination of lactoferrin, fish oil, and Enterococcus faecium WB2000 for treating dry eye: a rat model and human clinical study. Ocul Surf. 2016; 14: 255\u2013263.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2015.12.005"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawakita T, Kawabata F, Tsuji T, Kawashima M, Shimmura S, Tsubota K. Effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil on dry eye syndrome subjects: randomized controlled trial. Biomed Res. 2013; 34: 215\u2013220.","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.34.215"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura S, Shibuya M, Nakashima H, et al. Involvement of oxidative stress on corneal epithelial alterations in a blink-suppressed dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48: 1552\u20131558.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1027"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wakamatsu TH, Dogru M, Tsubota K. Tearful relations: oxidative stress, inflammation and eye diseases. Arg Bras Oftalmol. 2008; 71: 72\u201379.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492008000700015"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrero A, Alassane S, Binquet C, et al. Dry eye disease in the elderly in a French population-based study (the Montrachet study: maculopathy, optic nerve, nutrition, neurovascular and heart diseases): prevalence and associated factors. Ocul Surf. 2018; 16: 112\u2013119.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.09.008"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roh HC, Lee JK, Kim M, et al. Systemic comorbidities of dry eye syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V, 2010 to 2012. Cornea. 2016; 35: 187\u2013192.","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000657"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang WJ, Yang YN, Cao J, et al. Risk factors for dry eye syndrome: a retrospective case-control study. Optom Vis Sci. 2015; 92: e199\u2013e205.","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000541"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulsen AJ, Cruickshanks JK, Fischer ME, et al. Dry eye in the beaver dam offspring study: prevalence, risk factors, and health-related quality of life. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014; 157: 799\u2013806.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.12.023"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaumberg DA, Dana R, Buring JE, Sullivan DA. Prevalence of dry eye disease among US men: estimates from the Physicians' Health Studies. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009; 127: 763\u2013768.","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.103"},{"key":"i1552-5783-59-14-DES138-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee AJ, Lee J, Saw SM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye symptoms: a population based study in Indonesia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002; 86: 1347\u20131351.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.12.1347"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2717224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:30:50Z","timestamp":1791927050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.17-23765"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-23765","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]}}}