{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:58:54Z","timestamp":1791928734338,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.10.29","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T14:47:08Z","timestamp":1597416428000},"page":"29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Clinical and Prodromal Ocular Symptoms in Coronavirus Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Takenori","family":"Inomata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kitazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"},{"name":"Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Kuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaemyoung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Iwagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisato","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akie","family":"Midorikawa-Inomata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Fujio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Hirosawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasutsugu","family":"Akasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizu","family":"Kuwahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Dana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2008646","article-title":"Early detection of COVID-19 through a citywide pandemic surveillance platform","volume":"383","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabb6936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb6936","article-title":"Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing","volume":"368","author":"Ferretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009324","article-title":"Droplets and aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"382","author":"Meselson","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2009758","article-title":"Asymptomatic Transmission, the Achilles' Heel of Current Strategies to Control COVID-19","volume":"382","author":"Gandhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes","volume":"26","author":"Sungnak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008457","article-title":"Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and transmission in a skilled nursing facility","volume":"382","author":"Arons","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","article-title":"Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019","volume":"581","author":"W\u00f6lfel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291","article-title":"Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China","volume":"138","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2020.03.003","article-title":"Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"55","author":"Cheema","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.059","article-title":"Oral anticoagulation for patients with atrial fibrillation on long-term hemodialysis","volume":"75","author":"Kuno","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.04.012","article-title":"Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Pure Native Aortic Regurgitation","volume":"29","author":"Takagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2020.04.001","article-title":"Unilateral conjunctivitis as first presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A telemedicine diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Daruich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e601","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009619","article-title":"Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19","volume":"95","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Ortiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009700","article-title":"COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy","volume":"95","author":"Dinkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0305-6","article-title":"In the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm","volume":"20","author":"Vaninov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316304","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.03.010","article-title":"The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.04.028","article-title":"Ocular findings and proportion with conjunctival SARS-COV-2 in COVID-19 patients","volume":"127","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04708-6","article-title":"A child confirmed COVID-19 with only symptoms of conjunctivitis and eyelid dermatitis","volume":"258","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib28","article-title":"Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in patients confirmed with COVID-19","author":"Hong","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-020-00189-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular surface of COVID-19 patients","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye Vis"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.03.026","article-title":"Assessing viral shedding and infectivity of tears in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients","volume":"127","author":"Seah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2020.04.002","article-title":"Ocular manifestation as first sign of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): interest of telemedicine during the pandemic context","volume":"43","author":"Daruich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000508","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.16.2000508","article-title":"Strong associations and moderate predictive value of early symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity among healthcare workers, the Netherlands, March 2020","volume":"25","author":"Tostmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.010","article-title":"Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) presenting as conjunctivitis: atypically high-risk during a pandemic","volume":"43","author":"Khavandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"bib34","first-page":"e189","article-title":"COVID-19 emergency in the cruise's ship: a case report of conjunctivitis","volume":"171","author":"Salducci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0909-x","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom","volume":"34","author":"Casalino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"xxix","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.03.041","article-title":"Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: (superficial punctate keratitis, keratitis subepithelialis, keratitis maculosa, keratitis nummularis) with a review of the literature and a report of 125 cases","volume":"190","author":"Hogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2267","article-title":"The GD1a glycan is a cellular receptor for adenoviruses causing epidemic keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"17","author":"Nilsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0438","article-title":"Adenovirus-directed ocular innate immunity: the role of conjunctival defensin-like chemokines (IP-10, I-TAC) and phagocytic human defensin-alpha","volume":"46","author":"Harvey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib39","first-page":"2879","article-title":"Specific NFkappaB subunit activation and kinetics of cytokine induction in adenoviral keratitis","volume":"15","author":"Rajaiya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00058-12","article-title":"Ocular tropism of respiratory viruses","volume":"77","author":"Belser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes","volume":"26","author":"Sungnak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31014-X","article-title":"Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"Marinho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1024","article-title":"Angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in the human retina","volume":"48","author":"Senanayake","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1970.00990040038010","article-title":"Corneal infiltrates in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Response to double-blind corticosteroid therapy","volume":"84","author":"Laibson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.03.010","article-title":"The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0869-5","article-title":"Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"bib47","article-title":"Contact tracing, testing, and control of COVID-19-learning from Taiwan","author":"Steinbrook","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc0473","article-title":"Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19","volume":"368","author":"Drew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316","article-title":"Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia","volume":"382","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0887-9","article-title":"Applying principles of behaviour change to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission","volume":"4","author":"West","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30313-5","article-title":"2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored","volume":"395","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080020071046","article-title":"Microaerosol formation in noncontact \u2018air-puff\u2019 tonometry","volume":"109","author":"Britt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib2","volume-title":"WHO Director-General's remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)"},{"key":"bib3","author":"COVID, CSSE","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib6","volume-title":"Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations, 27 March 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib51","article-title":"About coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2770655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:17Z","timestamp":1791927077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2770655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.61.10.29","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]}}}