{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:59:54Z","timestamp":1791928794985,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.2.29","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T20:25:31Z","timestamp":1613852731000},"page":"29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Choroidal Vascular Abnormalities by Ultra-widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Areum","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea"},{"name":"Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinam","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea"},{"name":"Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Sagong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea"},{"name":"Yeungnam Eye Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV). 1990","volume":"32","author":"Yannuzzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9619","article-title":"Choroidal thickness, vascular hyperpermeability, and complement factor H in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"53","author":"Jirarattanasopa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.05.051","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability","volume":"142","author":"Sasahara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31826af540","article-title":"Engorgement of vortex vein and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"33","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182953df4","article-title":"Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy","volume":"33","author":"Warrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000331","article-title":"Pachychoroid neovasculopathy","volume":"35","author":"Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000742","article-title":"En face imaging of pachychoroid spectrum disorders with swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"36","author":"Dansingani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.04.021","article-title":"Ultra-widefield imaging with autofluorescence and indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"158","author":"Pang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.11.016","article-title":"Assessment of accuracy and precision of quantification of ultra-widefield images","volume":"122","author":"Sagong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002931","article-title":"Choroidal blood flow: review and potential explanation for the choroidal venous anatomy including the vortex vein system","volume":"40","author":"Spaide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3639","article-title":"Relationship between RPE and choriocapillaris in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"50","author":"McLeod","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147346","article-title":"The features of inflammation factors concentrations in aqueous humor of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120643","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120643","article-title":"The association of elastin gene variants with two angiographic subtypes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"10","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.08.025","article-title":"Proteolytic degradation and inflammation play critical roles in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"187","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.07.001","article-title":"Effects of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability on anti\u2013vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"156","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.018","article-title":"Relationship between clinical characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability","volume":"155","author":"Koizumi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14059","article-title":"Choroidal neovascularization in eyes with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability","volume":"55","author":"Miyake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16000","article-title":"Choroidal vascular hyperpermeability and punctate hyperfluorescent spot in choroidal neovascularization","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199919060-00005","article-title":"Persistent and bilateral choroidal vascular abnormalities in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"19","author":"Iida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1620-1","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness in typical age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"249","author":"Koizumi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2134","article-title":"Clinicopathologic findings in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"49","author":"Nakashizuka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.10.1093","article-title":"Clinicopathological correlation of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy revealed by ultrastructural study","volume":"86","author":"Okubo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.08.016","article-title":"Pachychoroid geographic atrophy: clinical and genetic characteristics","volume":"2","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4143-1","article-title":"Morphologic features of large choroidal vessel layer: age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"256","author":"Baek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-13-43","article-title":"Responsiveness of eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with choroidal hyperpermeability to intravitreal ranibizumab","volume":"13","author":"Sonoda","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002389","article-title":"The occurrence, characteristics, management, and prognosis of retinal pigment epithelium tears in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a retrospective study of 397 patients","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.09.012","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"118","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31821801c5","article-title":"Comparison of choroidal thickness among patients with healthy eyes, early age-related maculopathy, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.106","article-title":"Ocular perfusion pressure and choroidal thickness in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, wet-age-related macular degeneration, and normals","volume":"27","author":"Rishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001346","article-title":"Choroidal morphology in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and normal or subnormal subfoveal choroidal thickness","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0158-4","article-title":"Pachychoroid disease","volume":"33","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.10.1392","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: incidence, demographic features, and clinical characteristics","volume":"121","author":"Sho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.323","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: an angiographic discussion","volume":"24","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31825df12a","article-title":"Peripheral polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy as a cause of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy: a report of 10 eyes","volume":"33","author":"Goldman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01404-6","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: natural history","volume":"133","author":"Uyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2010.03.004","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a review","volume":"55","author":"Imamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.52000","article-title":"Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in a young man: case report and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Al-Rashaed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20091030-07","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Taiwanese patients","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-007-0498-2","article-title":"Incidence and clinical patterns of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Korean patients","volume":"52","author":"Byeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000774","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a distinct disease or manifestation of many?","volume":"36","author":"Balaratnasingam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib9","author":"DICOM Standards Committee"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2772308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:27Z","timestamp":1791927087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2772308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.62.2.29","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]}}}