{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:59:49Z","timestamp":1791928789501,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.11.9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T11:36:09Z","timestamp":1665747369000},"page":"9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Optic Nerve Head Myelin-Related Protein, GFAP, and Iba1 Alterations in Non-Human Primates With Early to Moderate Experimental Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Priya","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"},{"name":"Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheri","family":"Stowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"},{"name":"Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Reynaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"},{"name":"Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart K.","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"},{"name":"Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galen","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"},{"name":"Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imee","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"},{"name":"Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Marsh-Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California - Davis, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude F.","family":"Burgoyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"},{"name":"Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.07.004","article-title":"A framework to explore the visual brain in glaucoma with lessons from models and man","volume":"141","author":"Yucel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1609-2","article-title":"Glaucoma: the retina and beyond","volume":"132","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.259600","article-title":"Normal tension glaucoma: from the brain to the eye or the inverse?","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"31","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18810","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009425117","article-title":"Redistribution of metabolic resources through astrocyte networks mitigates neurodegenerative stress","volume":"117","author":"Cooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010635009","article-title":"Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma. II. The site of injury and susceptibility to damage","volume":"99","author":"Quigley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200506099","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell degeneration is topological but not cell type specific in DBA\/2J mice","volume":"171","author":"Jakobs","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200706181","article-title":"Axons of retinal ganglion cells are insulted in the optic nerve early in DBA\/2J glaucoma","volume":"179","author":"Howell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1282","article-title":"Global changes in optic nerve head gene expression after exposure to elevated intraocular pressure in a rat glaucoma model","volume":"48","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90012-X","article-title":"A light microscopic, autoradiographic study of axoplasmic transport in the optic nerve head during ocular hypotony, increased intraocular pressure, and papilledema","volume":"82","author":"Minckler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","first-page":"426","article-title":"Orthograde and retrograde axoplasmic transport during acute ocular hypertension in the monkey","volume":"16","author":"Minckler","year":"1977","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(81)90061-8","article-title":"Optic nerve damage in glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Minckler","year":"1981","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0141137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141137","article-title":"Losartan Treatment Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Alters Scleral Remodeling in Experimental Glaucoma","volume":"10","author":"Quigley","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.12.005","article-title":"Lasker\/IRRF Initiative on Astrocytes and Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration Participants. Neuroprotection for glaucoma: Requirements for clinical translation","volume":"157","author":"Levin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0050-2","article-title":"Neuroprotective agents in the management of glaucoma","volume":"32","author":"Nucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"17","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174110","article-title":"Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Hydrophilic Saffron Extract in a Model of Glaucoma","volume":"20","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Albarral","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-018-2557-4","article-title":"Glaucoma - Next Generation Therapeutics: Impossible to Possible","volume":"36","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01023-3","article-title":"Evaluating the Effects of an Ophthalmic Solution of Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients: A Study Protocol","volume":"36","author":"Quaranta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.06.001","article-title":"The optic nerve head as a biomechanical structure: a new paradigm for understanding the role of IOP-related stress and strain in the pathophysiology of glaucomatous optic nerve head damage","volume":"24","author":"Burgoyne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.09.005","article-title":"A biomechanical paradigm for axonal insult within the optic nerve head in aging and glaucoma","volume":"93","author":"Burgoyne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.03.001","article-title":"The connective tissue phenotype of glaucomatous cupping in the monkey eye - Clinical and research implications","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(99)00017-8","article-title":"The optic nerve head in glaucoma: role of astrocytes in tissue remodeling","volume":"19","author":"Hernandez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"Pt 3B","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2000.128","article-title":"Optic nerve head structure in glaucoma: astrocytes as mediators of axonal damage","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013965108","article-title":"Myelination transition zone astrocytes are constitutively phagocytic and have synuclein dependent reactivity in glaucoma","volume":"108","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-4547","article-title":"Activated microglia in the human glaucomatous optic nerve head","volume":"64","author":"Yuan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-020-00603-7","article-title":"Ocular hypertension suppresses homeostatic gene expression in optic nerve head microglia of DBA\/2?J mice","volume":"13","author":"Tribble","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.07.020","article-title":"Different responses of macrophages in retinal ganglion cell survival after acute ocular hypertension in rats with different autoimmune backgrounds","volume":"85","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4081-y","article-title":"CD163+ macrophages infiltrate axon bundles of postmortem optic nerves with glaucoma","volume":"256","author":"Margeta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44646","article-title":"Molecular clustering identifies complement and endothelin induction as early events in a mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"121","author":"Howell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61135","article-title":"Radiation treatment inhibits monocyte entry into the optic nerve head and prevents neuronal damage in a mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"122","author":"Howell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s003470050044","article-title":"Changes in extracellular matrix in the lamina cribosa of patients with secondary glaucoma","volume":"93","author":"Thale","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.06.007","article-title":"Aging and ocular tissue stiffness in glaucoma","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20962","article-title":"Glaucomatous optic nerve injury involves early astrocyte reactivity and late oligodendrocyte loss","volume":"58","author":"Son","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5411","article-title":"Changes in the biomechanical response of the optic nerve head in early experimental glaucoma","volume":"51","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1792","article-title":"Remodeling of the connective tissue microarchitecture of the lamina cribrosa in early experimental glaucoma","volume":"50","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7109","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7448","article-title":"Posterior (outward) migration of the lamina cribrosa and early cupping in monkey experimental glaucoma","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"33","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10509","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1506486112","article-title":"Astrocytes phagocytose focal dystrophies from shortening myelin segments in the optic nerve of Xenopus laevis at metamorphosis","volume":"112","author":"Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00254","article-title":"Optic Nerve Degeneration after Retinal Ischemia\/Reperfusion in a Rodent Model","volume":"11","author":"Renner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108035","article-title":"A method to quantify regional axonal transport blockade at the optic nerve head after short term intraocular pressure elevation in mice","volume":"196","author":"Korneva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib39","first-page":"38","article-title":"Histomorphometric analysis of optic nerve changes in experimental glaucoma","volume":"8","author":"Y\u00fccel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238104","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238104","article-title":"Astrocyte responses to experimental glaucoma in mouse optic nerve head","volume":"15","author":"Quillen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20571","article-title":"Astrocytes in the Optic Nerve Head of Glaucomatous Mice Display a Characteristic Reactive Phenotype","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.v61.8","article-title":"Reversible reactivity by optic nerve astrocytes","volume":"61","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6945","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14969","article-title":"Astrocyte processes label for filamentous actin and reorient early within the optic nerve head in a rat glaucoma model","volume":"55","author":"Tehrani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167364","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167364","article-title":"Astrocyte Structural and Molecular Response to Elevated Intraocular Pressure Occurs Rapidly and Precedes Axonal Tubulin Rearrangement within the Optic Nerve Head in a Rat Model","volume":"11","author":"Tehrani","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00214","article-title":"The Role of Microglia in Retinal Neurodegeneration: Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson, and Glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Ramirez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.01.014","article-title":"Glial coverage in the optic nerve expands in proportion to optic axon loss in chronic mouse glaucoma","volume":"150","author":"Bosco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.06.005","article-title":"The non-human primate experimental glaucoma model","volume":"141","author":"Burgoyne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13245","article-title":"Longitudinal detection of optic nerve head changes by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in early experimental glaucoma","volume":"55","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.2019.46.issue-6","article-title":"Two-dimensional ultrasound-computed tomography image registration for monitoring percutaneous hepatic intervention","volume":"46","author":"Pohlman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1969.00990020792015","article-title":"Ultrastructure of human and monkey lamina cribrosa and optic nerve head","volume":"82","author":"Anderson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1969.00990020508017","article-title":"Ultrastructure of intraorbital portion of human and monkey optic nerve","volume":"82","author":"Anderson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.05.009","article-title":"OCT-Detected Optic Nerve Head Neural Canal Direction, Obliqueness, and Minimum Cross-Sectional Area in Healthy Eyes","volume":"208","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0021","article-title":"Three-dimensional histomorphometry of the normal and early glaucomatous monkey optic nerve head: neural canal and subarachnoid space architecture","volume":"48","author":"Downs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2302","article-title":"Detection of optic nerve head neural canal opening within histomorphometric and spectral domain optical coherence tomography data sets","volume":"50","author":"Strouthidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20000","article-title":"Experimental Glaucoma Causes Optic Nerve Head Neural Rim Tissue Compression: A Potentially Important Mechanism of Axon Injury","volume":"57","author":"Fortune","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092225","article-title":"Anatomic vs. acquired image frame discordance in spectral domain optical coherence tomography minimum rim measurements","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0349","article-title":"3-D histomorphometry of the normal and early glaucomatous monkey optic nerve head: lamina cribrosa and peripapillary scleral position and thickness","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0790","article-title":"3-D histomorphometry of the normal and early glaucomatous monkey optic nerve head: prelaminar neural tissues and cupping","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5785","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3410","article-title":"Deformation of the normal monkey optic nerve head connective tissue after acute IOP elevation within 3-D histomorphometric reconstructions","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7407-8","article-title":"3D Histomorphometric Reconstruction and Quantification of the Optic Nerve Head Connective Tissues","volume":"1695","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1109\/34.87344","article-title":"Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations","volume":"13","author":"Vincent","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16548","article-title":"Relating Retinal Ganglion Cell Function and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) Retardance to Progressive Loss of RNFL Thickness and Optic Nerve Axons in Experimental Glaucoma","volume":"56","author":"Fortune","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"OCT404","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18667","article-title":"Comparing Optic Nerve Head Rim Width, Rim Area, and Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness to Axon Count in Experimental Glaucoma","volume":"57","author":"Fortune","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00022-2","article-title":"Visual field defects and neural losses from experimental glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Harwerth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0688","article-title":"The relationship between nerve fiber layer and perimetry measurements","volume":"48","author":"Harwerth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7766","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10752","article-title":"Relationship between orbital optic nerve axon counts and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"53","author":"Cull","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577468","article-title":"Thyroid hormone and thyromimetics inhibit myelin and axonal degeneration and oligodendrocyte loss in EAE","volume":"352","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e126329","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126329","article-title":"Myelin repair stimulated by CNS-selective thyroid hormone action","volume":"4","author":"Hartley","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.12.002","article-title":"Lipoic acid decreases inflammation and confers neuroprotection in experimental autoimmune optic neuritis","volume":"233","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160412","article-title":"Optic nerve astrocyte reactivity protects function in experimental glaucoma and other nerve injuries","volume":"214","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858411423441","article-title":"Structural remodeling of astrocytes in the injured CNS","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.11.016","article-title":"Early astrocyte redistribution in the optic nerve precedes axonopathy in the DBA\/2J mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"150","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.06.050","article-title":"Long-term activation of c-Fos and c-Jun in optic nerve head astrocytes in experimental ocular hypertension in monkeys and after exposure to elevated pressure in vitro","volume":"1054","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib76","first-page":"431","article-title":"Chronology of optic nerve head and retinal responses to elevated intraocular pressure","volume":"41","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.06.005","article-title":"Glial cell response and iNOS expression in the optic nerve head and retina of the rat following acute high IOP ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"1403","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12415","article-title":"The photopic negative response of the mouse electroretinogram: reduction by acute elevation of intraocular pressure","volume":"54","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25700","article-title":"Early Optic Nerve Head Glial Proliferation and Jak-Stat Pathway Activation in Chronic Experimental Glaucoma","volume":"60","author":"Lozano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.v516:1","article-title":"The morphology and spatial arrangement of astrocytes in the optic nerve head of the mouse","volume":"516","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10109","article-title":"Morphology of astrocytes in a glaucomatous optic nerve","volume":"54","author":"Lye-Barthel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701595","article-title":"Functions of optic nerve glia: axoglial signalling in physiology and pathology","volume":"18","author":"Butt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"42","key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14008","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3605-10.2010","article-title":"Structural remodeling of fibrous astrocytes after axonal injury","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6448","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5284","article-title":"Microglial activation in the visual pathway in experimental glaucoma: spatiotemporal characterization and correlation with axonal injury","volume":"51","author":"Ebneter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.018788","article-title":"Neurodegeneration severity can be predicted from early microglia alterations monitored in vivo in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma","volume":"8","author":"Bosco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22516","article-title":"Early microglia activation in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma","volume":"519","author":"Bosco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294644","article-title":"Phagocytosis in the rat optic nerve following Wallerian degeneration","volume":"80","author":"Ludwin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.07.020","article-title":"Cui Q. Different responses of macrophages in retinal ganglion cell survival after acute ocular hypertension in rats with different autoimmune backgrounds","volume":"85","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3129\/i07-050","article-title":"Modulating the immune system: a vaccine for glaucoma?","volume":"42","author":"Schwartz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170720094529","article-title":"Modulation of the Immune System for the Treatment of Glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a017269","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017269","article-title":"The complex role of neuroinflammation in glaucoma","volume":"4","author":"Soto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.02.014","article-title":"Lasker\/IRRF Initiative on Astrocytes and Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration Participants. Neuroinflammation in glaucoma: A new opportunity","volume":"157","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.1.22","article-title":"When Is a Control Not a Control? Reactive Microglia Occur Throughout the Control Contralateral Pathway of Retinal Ganglion Cell Projections in Experimental Glaucoma","volume":"10","author":"Tribble","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00783-4","article-title":"Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Escartin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"bib63","volume-title":"Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2783751","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:37Z","timestamp":1791927097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2783751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.63.11.9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]}}}