{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:30:04Z","timestamp":1792571404104,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.12.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T09:40:22Z","timestamp":1667554822000},"page":"8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Birefringent Properties of the Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Healthy and Glaucoma Subjects Analyzed by Polarization-Sensitive OCT"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Steiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Schwarzhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Desissaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemma","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph K.","family":"Hitzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Vass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib2","first-page":"1658","article-title":"Repeatability of the glaucoma hemifield test in automated perimetry","volume":"36","author":"Katz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01043-6","article-title":"Infrequent confirmation of visual field progression","volume":"109","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305907","article-title":"Combining measurements from three anatomical areas for glaucoma diagnosis using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"99","author":"Loewen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190621","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis: an evidence based meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Kansal","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4716","article-title":"Effect of disease severity on the performance of cirrus spectral-domain OCT for glaucoma diagnosis","volume":"51","author":"Leite","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.05.025","article-title":"Detection of macular ganglion cell loss in glaucoma by fourier-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"116","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.08.069","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer, optic nerve head, and macular thickness measurements for glaucoma detection using optical coherence tomography","volume":"139","author":"Medeiros","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.01.011","article-title":"Combining nerve fiber layer parameters to optimize glaucoma diagnosis with optical coherence tomography","volume":"115","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.01.017","article-title":"Rates of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in glaucoma suspect eyes","volume":"121","author":"Miki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3263","article-title":"The relationship between retinal ganglion cell axon constituents and retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence in the primate","volume":"50","author":"Pocock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0872","article-title":"Intravitreal colchicine causes decreased RNFL birefringence without altering RNFL thickness","volume":"49","author":"Fortune","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0110","article-title":"Variation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence in normal human subjects","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5363","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0451","article-title":"Microtubule contribution to the reflectance of the retinal nerve fiber layer","volume":"47","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1160","article-title":"Thickness and birefringence of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography","volume":"45","author":"Cense","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5653","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12219","article-title":"Onset and progression of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) retardance changes occur earlier than RNFL thickness changes in experimental glaucoma","volume":"54","author":"Fortune","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16548","article-title":"Relating retinal ganglion cell function and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) retardance to progressive loss of RNFL thickness and optic nerve axons in experimental glaucoma","volume":"56","author":"Fortune","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1262043","article-title":"Cytoskeletal alteration and change of retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence in hypertensive retina","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10089","article-title":"Measuring retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence, retardation, and thickness using wide-field, high-speed polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT","volume":"54","author":"Zotter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.001030","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber bundle tracing and analysis in human eye by polarization sensitive OCT","volume":"6","author":"Sugita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.003893","article-title":"Optic axis uniformity as a metric to improve the contrast of birefringent structures and analyze the retinal nerve fiber layer in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography","volume":"44","author":"Willemse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1864-0648","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence evaluated with polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT and scanning laser polarimetry: a comparison","volume":"1","author":"G\u00f6tzinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.402475","article-title":"Analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence in patients with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy by polarization sensitive OCT","volume":"11","author":"Desissaire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"014013","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2841024","article-title":"Phase retardation measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization- sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry","volume":"13","author":"Yamanari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.4.24","article-title":"Early identification of retinal neuropathy in subclinical diabetic eyes by reduced birefringence of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer","volume":"62","author":"Pollreisz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6881","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.404738","article-title":"Generating large field of view en-face projection images from intra-acquisition motion compensated volumetric optical coherence tomography data","volume":"11","author":"Schwarzhans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.000106","article-title":"Motion artifact and speckle noise reduction in polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography by retinal tracking","volume":"5","author":"Sugita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"041210","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2771560","article-title":"Corneal birefringence compensation for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography of the human retina","volume":"12","author":"Pircher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"bib30","first-page":"1295","article-title":"The relationship between retinal ganglion cell axon constituents and retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence in the primate","volume":"95","author":"Pocock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib31","first-page":"19","article-title":"Nerve fiber layer of the primate retina: Morphometric analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ogden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305404","article-title":"Size and distribution of ganglion cells in the human retina","volume":"168","author":"Hebel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-012-0185-9","article-title":"Mean retinal ganglion cell axon diameter varies with location in the human retina","volume":"56","author":"FitzGibbon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.661938","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cells\u2014diversity of cell types and clinical relevance","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.015","article-title":"Estimating lead time gained by optical coherence tomography in detecting glaucoma before development of visual field defects","volume":"122","author":"Kuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.026","article-title":"Pattern of visual field loss in primary angle-closure glaucoma across different severity levels","volume":"123","author":"Atalay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5717","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25140","article-title":"Rates of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma: asymmetric patterns","volume":"59","author":"Yousefi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000212298.23787.bf","article-title":"Nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma patients with asymmetric hemifield visual field loss","volume":"15","author":"Badlani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.8.1044","article-title":"Assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer internal reflectivity in eyes with and without glaucoma using optical coherence tomography","volume":"118","author":"Pons","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib29","first-page":"691","article-title":"Incidence of glaucomatous visual field loss after two decades of follow-up: the Rotterdam Study","volume-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","author":"Hofman","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2783829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:37Z","timestamp":1791927097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2783829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.63.12.8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]}}}