{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:59:47Z","timestamp":1791928787676,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.2.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T14:41:18Z","timestamp":1644849678000},"page":"25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Choroidal Caverns in Stargardt Disease"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Dario Pasquale","family":"Mucciolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, San Jacopo Hospital, Pistoia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrta","family":"Lippera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Dattilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Passerini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Diagnosis, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Pelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Diagnosis, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Virgili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione GB Bietti, Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Giansanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Murro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.03.001","article-title":"The epidemiology of Stargardt disease in the United Kingdom","volume":"1","author":"Cornish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-236","article-title":"A photoreceptor cell-specific ATP-binding transporter gene (ABCR) is mutated in recessive Stargardt macular dystrophy","volume":"15","author":"Allikmets","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"bib3","first-page":"158","article-title":"Novel mutations in of the ABCR gene in Italian patients with Stargardt disease","volume":"24","author":"Passerini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye Lond Engl"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh048","article-title":"Mutations in ABCA4 result in accumulation of lipofuscin before slowing of the retinoid cycle: a reappraisal of the human disease sequence","volume":"13","author":"Cideciyan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1470","article-title":"Accelerated accumulation of lipofuscin pigments in the RPE of a mouse model for ABCA4-mediated retinal dystrophies following vitamin A supplementation","volume":"49","author":"Radu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19083","article-title":"Choroidal caverns: a novel optical coherence tomography finding in geographic atrophy","volume":"57","author":"Querques","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.02.036","article-title":"Choroidal and sub-retinal pigment epithelium caverns: multimodal imaging and correspondence with Friedman lipid globules","volume":"125","author":"Dolz-Marco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002294","article-title":"Association between choroidal caverns and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability in eyes with pachychoroid diseases","volume":"38","author":"Sakurada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina Phila Pa"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20180329-14","article-title":"Choroidal caverns: a previously unreported optical coherence tomography finding in best vitelliform dystrophy","volume":"49","author":"Carnevali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166968","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166968","article-title":"Choroidal round hyporeflectivities in geographic atrophy","volume":"11","author":"Corbelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167526","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167526","article-title":"Multimodal imaging of photoreceptor structure in choroideremia","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091388","article-title":"Choroidal Patterns in Stargardt Disease: Correlations with Visual Acuity and Disease Progression","volume":"8","author":"Arrigo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190780","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190780","article-title":"EDI OCT evaluation of choroidal thickness in Stargardt disease","volume":"13","author":"Sodi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1976.03910040721003","article-title":"Fundus flavimaculatus. A clinical classification","volume":"94","author":"Fishman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1229","article-title":"VEGF expression and receptor activation in the choroid during development and in the adult","volume":"47","author":"Saint-Geniez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18751","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905010106","article-title":"An essential role for RPE-derived soluble VEGF in the maintenance of the choriocapillaris","volume":"106","author":"Saint-Geniez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001557","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in patients with Stargardt disease","volume":"38","author":"Vural","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:34Z","timestamp":1791927094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.63.2.25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]}}}