{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:59:28Z","timestamp":1791928768099,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.4.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T11:46:13Z","timestamp":1650541573000},"page":"15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Disruption of Positional Encoding at Small Separations in the Amblyopic Periphery"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul V.","family":"McGraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(83)90011-1","article-title":"Spatial localization in normal and amblyopic vision","volume":"23","author":"Levi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235921","article-title":"Amblyopic processing of positional information. Part I: Vernier acuity","volume":"60","author":"Rentschler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90208-1","article-title":"Vernier acuity, crowding and amblyopia","volume":"25","author":"Levi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(87)90044-7","article-title":"Positional uncertainty in peripheral and amblyopic vision","volume":"27","author":"Levi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib5","first-page":"2034","article-title":"Monocular geometry is selectively distorted in the central visual field of strabismic amblyopes","volume":"30","author":"Fronius","year":"1989","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(92)90225-8","article-title":"The spatial localization deficit in amblyopia","volume":"32","author":"Hess","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90073-6","article-title":"Is the spatial deficit in strabismic amblyopia due to loss of cells or an uncalibrated disarray of cells?","volume":"34","author":"Hess","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00318-5","article-title":"Positional loss in strabismic amblyopia: inter-relationship of alignment threshold, bias, spatial scale and eccentricity","volume":"36","author":"Demanins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3218","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2914","article-title":"Disrupted retinotopic maps in amblyopia","volume":"50","author":"Mansouri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/15.2.25","article-title":"Estimation of cortical magnification from positional error in normally sighted and amblyopic subjects","volume":"15","author":"Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/18.1.9","article-title":"Position matching between the visual fields in strabismus","volume":"18","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vision"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90128-2","article-title":"Differences in the neural basis of human amblyopia: the distribution of the anomaly across the visual field","volume":"25","author":"Hess","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(81)90010-9","article-title":"Naso-temporal asymmetries in human amblyopia consequence of long-term interocular suppression","volume":"21","author":"Sireteanu","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199806000-00026","article-title":"Naso-temporal asymmetry of spatial interactions in strabismic amblyopia","volume":"75","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"44","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14740","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1101-15.2015","article-title":"Is the cortical deficit in amblyopia due to reduced cortical magnification, loss of neural resolution, or neural disorganization?","volume":"35","author":"Clavagnier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(88)90109-5","article-title":"\u201cWeber's law\u201d for position: unconfounding the role of separation and eccentricity","volume":"28","author":"Levi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(90)90068-V","article-title":"The role of separation and eccentricity in encoding position","volume":"30","author":"Levi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00202-7","article-title":"Disentangling the role of spatial scale, separation and eccentricity in weber's law for position","volume":"37","author":"Whitaker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(86)90188-4","article-title":"Responses of spatial mechanisms can explain hyperacuity","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.53.001026","article-title":"Visual resolution and contour interaction","volume":"53","author":"Flom","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(79)90214-1","article-title":"A preliminary report of acuity and contour interactions across the amblyope's visual field","volume":"19","author":"Hess","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.06.008","article-title":"Spatial interactions reveal inhibitory cortical networks in human amblyopia","volume":"45","author":"Wong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.12.014","article-title":"Spatial interactions in amblyopia: effects of stimulus parameters and amblyopia type","volume":"45","author":"Polat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00061-5","article-title":"Suppressive and facilitatory spatial interactions in amblyopic vision","volume":"42","author":"Levi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.09.035","article-title":"\u201ccrowding\u201d in normal and amblyopic vision assessed with gaussian and gabor c's","volume":"45","author":"Hariharan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00087-0","article-title":"Detecting disorder in spatial vision","volume":"40","author":"Levi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.4.001104","article-title":"Dichoptic hyperacuity: the precision of nonius alignment","volume":"4","author":"McKee","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200012000-00014","article-title":"The effect of experience on the detection of small eye movements","volume":"77","author":"Fogt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib29","first-page":"939","article-title":"The intraexaminer and interexaminer repeatability of the alternate cover test using different prism neutralization endpoints","volume":"81","author":"Johns","year":"2004","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90197-0","article-title":"New visual acuity charts for clinical research","volume":"94","author":"Ferris","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017","article-title":"Psychopy\u2013psychophysics software in python","volume":"162","author":"Peirce","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","article-title":"lmertest package: tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/mee3.2014.5.issue-9","article-title":"Extension of nakagawa & schielzeth's r2glmm to random slopes models","volume":"5","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90207-X","article-title":"Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification","volume":"25","author":"Levi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/nn817","article-title":"Reorganization of human cortical maps caused by inherited photore ceptor abnormalities","volume":"5","author":"Baseler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"26","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8921","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-26-08921.2003","article-title":"Organization of the visual cortex in human albinism","volume":"23","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1621","article-title":"The effect of age and fixation instability on retinotopic mapping of primary visual cortex","volume":"49","author":"Crossland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"36","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8734","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1760-17.2017","article-title":"Asymmetric dichoptic masking in visual cortex of amblyopic macaque monkeys","volume":"37","author":"Shooner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.22.10.577","article-title":"Suppression of vision in squint and its association with retinal correspondence and amblyopia","volume":"22","author":"Travers","year":"1938","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00174104","article-title":"Zero retinal image disparity: a stimulus for suppression in small angle strabismus","volume":"46","author":"Schor","year":"1978","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6585","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11314","article-title":"The regional extent of suppression: strabismics versus nonstrabismics","volume":"54","author":"Babu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20012","article-title":"Regional extent of peripheral suppression in amblyopia","volume":"58","author":"Babu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1955.00930020689010","article-title":"Characteristics of suppression in strabismus","volume":"54","author":"Jampolsky","year":"1955","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1068\/p060583","article-title":"Visual stimuli for strabismic suppression","volume":"6","author":"Schor","year":"1977","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90030-Z","article-title":"Fusional suppression in normal and stereoanomalous observers","volume":"33","author":"McKee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1996.57","article-title":"Psychophysics of suppression","volume":"10","author":"Harrad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90033-S","article-title":"Neural recruitment explains \u201cWeber's law\u201d of spatial position","volume":"33","author":"Hess","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00030-5","article-title":"Isolation of stimulus characteristics contributing to weber's law for position","volume":"42","author":"Whitaker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib51","first-page":"846","article-title":"Amblyopic eyes have longer reaction times","volume":"21","author":"Hamasaki","year":"1981","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5207","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1604","article-title":"Impaired temporal, not just spatial, resolution in amblyopia","volume":"50","author":"Spang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib32","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:31Z","timestamp":1791927091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.63.4.15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]}}}