{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:00:00Z","timestamp":1791928800364,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.5.26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T11:38:16Z","timestamp":1653305896000},"page":"26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ocular and Hemodynamic Factors Contributing to the Central Visual Function in Glaucoma Patients With Myopia"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Kyung Euy","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Kee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae-Young Lopilly","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH","article-title":"Is high myopia a risk factor for visual field progression or disk hemorrhage in primary open-angle glaucoma?","volume":"11","author":"Nitta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol (Auckland, NZ)"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.134","article-title":"Population prevalence of tilted and torted optic discs among an adult Chinese population in Singapore: the Tanjong Pagar Study","volume":"127","author":"How","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01339-9","article-title":"Population prevalence of tilted optic disks and the relationship of this sign to refractive error","volume":"133","author":"Vongphanit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.2015.93.issue-2","article-title":"Difference in the posterior pole profiles associated with the initial location of visual field defect in early-stage normal tension glaucoma","volume":"93","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.1993.13.issue-1","article-title":"Structural model for emmetropic and myopic eyes","volume":"13","author":"Scott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiolog Optics"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib6","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Some features of ocular microcirculation in myopia","volume":"9","author":"Avetisov","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.08.003","article-title":"Glaucomatous damage of the macula","volume":"32","author":"Hood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1506036","article-title":"Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Normal Tension Glaucoma","volume":"43","author":"Lindemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000310722","article-title":"Glaucoma, capillaries and pericytes. 1. Blood flow regulation","volume":"210","author":"Anderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100070092031","article-title":"Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma. The Barbados Eye Study","volume":"113","author":"Leske","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00138-X","article-title":"Vascular risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma: the Egna-Neumarkt Study","volume":"107","author":"Bonomi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2012.745881","article-title":"Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Systemic Endothelin-1 Concentration in Normal-tension Glaucoma","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib13","first-page":"783525","article-title":"Influence of refractive condition on retinal vasculature complexity in younger subjects","volume":"2014","author":"Azemin","year":"2014","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0836-0","article-title":"Reduction of retinal blood flow in high myopia","volume":"242","author":"Shimada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20181203-03","article-title":"Effect of Age and Myopia on Retinal Microvasculature","volume":"49","author":"Leng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/jovr.jovr_35_18","article-title":"Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation: Is It Important?","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.43","article-title":"Control of retinal and choroidal blood flow","volume":"4","author":"Bill","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.2.38","article-title":"Application of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning for Choroid Segmentation in Myopia","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80338-0","article-title":"The Hoffer Q formula: a comparison of theoretic and regression formulas","volume":"19","author":"Hoffer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010030","article-title":"An Eye Tracking Analysis on Diagnostic Performance of Digital Fundus Photography Images between Ophthalmologists and Optometrists","volume":"17","author":"Mohamad Shahimin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inte J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960050391023","article-title":"An Aid to Accurate Fixation During Fundus Photography","volume":"70","author":"Stenstrom","year":"1963","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.06.003","article-title":"Association of Optic Disc Tilt and Torsion with Open-Angle Glaucoma Progression Risk: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis","volume":"232","author":"Ha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25839","article-title":"Optic Disc Tilt and Glaucoma Progression in Myopic Glaucoma: A Longitudinal Match-Pair Case-Control Study","volume":"60","author":"Seol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14663","article-title":"Optic disc tilt direction determines the location of initial glaucomatous damage","volume":"55","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000548","article-title":"Myopic optic disc changes and its role in glaucoma","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061951","article-title":"Attenuated Visual Function in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"9","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.039","article-title":"Optic coherence tomography shows inflammation and degeneration in major depressive disorder patients correlated with disease severity","volume":"204","author":"Kalenderoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2016.04.011","article-title":"Duration of the depressive episode is correlated with ganglion cell inner plexifrom layer and nasal retinal fiber layer thicknesses: Optical coherence tomography findings in major depression","volume":"251","author":"Yildiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.5152\/npa.","article-title":"Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurement by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"54","author":"S\u00f6nmez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Noro Psikiyatr Ars"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0240","article-title":"Altered endothelin-1 vasoreactivity in patients with untreated normal-pressure glaucoma","volume":"47","author":"Henry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81512-0","article-title":"The effect of anxiety and depression on progression of glaucoma","volume":"11","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","article-title":"An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181c4ae58","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in normal tension glaucoma: the short-term heart rate variability analysis","volume":"19","author":"Na","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-017-0124-4","article-title":"Heart rate variability: the comparison between high tension and normal tension glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Kurysheva","year":"2018","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9744","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009744","article-title":"Heart rate variability in normal tension glaucoma: A case-control study","volume":"97","author":"Kurysheva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000068","article-title":"A reduced heart rate variability is independently associated with a blunted nocturnal blood pressure fall in patients with resistant hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Salles","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e3181cf86ab","article-title":"Autonomic testing: common techniques and clinical applications","volume":"16","author":"Weimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e3181ebb152","article-title":"The autonomic nervous system in cardiac electrophysiology: an elegant interaction and emerging concepts","volume":"18","author":"Kapa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/issn.0250-3751","article-title":"ZEISS Angioplex\u2122 Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Technical Aspects","volume":"56","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175988","article-title":"Improvements on Littmann's method of determining the size of retinal features by fundus photography","volume":"232","author":"Bennett","year":"1994","journal-title":"Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001747","article-title":"Central-most Visual Field Defects in Early Glaucoma","volume":"30","author":"Chakravarti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e285","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001844","article-title":"Agreement Between 10-2 and 24-2C Visual Field Test Protocols for Detecting Glaucomatous Central Visual Field Defects","volume":"30","author":"Chakravarti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2016.6165","article-title":"Measurement Properties of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale: A Systematic Review","volume":"46","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthopaedic Sports Physical Ther"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.009","article-title":"Risk Factors for Visual Field Deterioration in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study","volume":"127","author":"Founti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65037-6","article-title":"Posterior scleral deformation and autonomic dysfunction in normal tension glaucoma","volume":"10","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.09.016","article-title":"Retinal stretching limits peripheral visual acuity in myopia","volume":"45","author":"Chui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13047","article-title":"Macular and peripapillary vessel density in myopic eyes of young Chinese adults","volume":"103","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"bib48","first-page":"201","article-title":"Retinal vessel density in primary open-angle glaucoma with a hemifield defect","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312085","article-title":"Relationship between macular vessel density and central visual field sensitivity at different glaucoma stages","volume":"103","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23485","article-title":"Mapping the Central 10\u00b0 Visual Field to the Optic Nerve Head Using the Structure-Function Relationship","volume":"59","author":"Fujino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-003-0071-6","article-title":"Association between nocturnal blood pressure reduction and progression of visual field defect in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"48","author":"Tokunaga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Japanese J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079141","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3079141","article-title":"Foveal avascular zone in normal tension glaucoma measured by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"2017","author":"Zivkovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000964","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography macular vascular density measurements and the central 10-2 visual field in glaucoma","volume":"27","author":"Penteado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54882-9","article-title":"Association between peripapillary scleral deformation and choroidal microvascular circulation in glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.10.018","article-title":"Retinal Microvascular Network and Microcirculation Assessments in High Myopia","volume":"174","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13742","article-title":"Central visual field progression in normal-tension glaucoma patients with autonomic dysfunction","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300945","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with normal tension glaucoma: 24-h heart rate and blood pressure variability analysis","volume":"96","author":"Wierzbowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12836","article-title":"Structure versus function in high myopia using optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry","volume":"102","author":"Moghadas Sharif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optometry"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.04.013","article-title":"Investigation of changes in the myopic retina using multifocal electroretinograms, optical coherence tomography and peripheral resolution acuity","volume":"48","author":"Wolsley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0426","article-title":"Regional variations in the relationship between macular thickness measurements and myopia","volume":"48","author":"Lam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00241-D","article-title":"A role for photoreceptor outer segments in the induction of deprivation myopia","volume":"35","author":"Liang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.07.004","article-title":"Optic Disc Margin Anatomic Features in Myopic Eyes with Glaucoma with Spectral-Domain OCT","volume":"125","author":"Sawada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.134","article-title":"Population prevalence of tilted and torted optic discs among an adult Chinese population in Singapore: the Tanjong Pagar Study","volume":"127","author":"How","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-020-00747-y","article-title":"Effect of peripapillary tilt direction and magnitude on central visual field defects in primary open-angle glaucoma with high myopia","volume":"64","author":"Usui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.04.027","article-title":"Multiple Temporal Lamina Cribrosa Defects in Myopic Eyes with Glaucoma and Their Association with Visual Field Defects","volume":"124","author":"Sawada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0438-7","article-title":"Association between retinal microvasculature and optic disc alterations in high myopia","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.2013.91.issue-4","article-title":"Choroidal hemodynamic in myopic patients with and without primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"91","author":"Samra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:34Z","timestamp":1791927094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.63.5.26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]}}}