{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:00:26Z","timestamp":1791928826529,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.10.9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T11:44:40Z","timestamp":1688989480000},"page":"9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence, Concordance, and Heritability of Vitreomacular Interface Abnormalities in a Twin Study"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Zakariya A.","family":"Jarrar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdus Samad","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic S.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirro G.","family":"Hysi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar A.","family":"Mahroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, London, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014644","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014644","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membranes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.08.009","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for epiretinal membranes in a multi-ethnic United States population","volume":"118","author":"Ng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30190-0","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes. The Blue Mountains Eye Study, Australia","volume":"104","author":"Mitchell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.238","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in an adult Japanese population: the Funagata study","volume":"23","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"bib5","first-page":"403","article-title":"The epidemiology of epiretinal membranes","volume":"92","author":"Klein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8557","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane in Asian Indians","volume":"53","author":"Koh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib7","first-page":"371","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for epiretinal membrane: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study","volume":"101","author":"Cheung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.032","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in the visual impairment project","volume":"140","author":"McCarty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2624","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in a rural Chinese adult population: the Handan Eye Study","volume":"50","author":"Duan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307050","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membrane in an elderly urban Chinese population in China: the Jiangning Eye Study","volume":"99","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1295","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study","volume":"45","author":"Fraser-Bell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2021.100019","article-title":"Prevalence of vitreoretinal interface disorders in an Australian population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"1","author":"Liew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology Science"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.10.014","article-title":"The epidemiology of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities as detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"122","author":"Meuer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.02.013","article-title":"Assessment of the vitreomacular interface using high-resolution OCT in a population-based cohort study of older adults","volume":"4","author":"Quinn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e830","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.v98.7","article-title":"Prevalence of epiretinal membranes in the ageing population using retinal colour images and SD-OCT: the Alienor Study","volume":"98","author":"Delyfer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e273","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.v98.3","article-title":"Characteristics and pathologies of the vitreo-macular interface-results from the Gutenberg Health Study","volume":"98","author":"Schuster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002802","article-title":"Epidemiology of vitreomacular interface abnormalities using macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in an elderly population (The Montrachet Study)","volume":"41","author":"Ben Ghezala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib18","first-page":"161","article-title":"The impact of optical coherence tomography on surgical decision making in epiretinal membrane and vitreomacular traction","volume":"104","author":"Do","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.10.017","article-title":"Sex-related differences in the progression of posterior vitreous detachment with age","volume":"3","author":"Hayashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.65","article-title":"TwinsUK: the UK Adult Twin Registry Update","volume":"22","author":"Verdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.2019.97.issue-4","article-title":"The European Eye Epidemiology spectral-domain optical coherence tomography classification of macular diseases for epidemiological studies","volume":"97","author":"Gattoussi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.042","article-title":"The International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group classification of vitreomacular adhesion, traction, and macular hole","volume":"120","author":"Duker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2018.9","article-title":"Definitive zygosity scores in the Peas in the Pod Questionnaire is a sensitive and accurate assessment of the zygosity of adult twins","volume":"21","author":"Jarrar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13829","article-title":"The heritability of the ring-like distribution of macular pigment assessed in a twin study","volume":"55","author":"Tariq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164355","article-title":"Gene expression analysis of the irrigation solution samples collected during vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"11","author":"Myojin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165938","article-title":"Gene expression analysis identifies two distinct molecular clusters of idiopathic epiretinal membranes","volume":"1866","author":"Coltrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2018.1558261","article-title":"Early posterior vitreous detachment is associated with LAMA5 dominant mutation","volume":"40","author":"Napolitano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e700","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.v99.5","article-title":"Determinants of vitreomacular traction width: associations with foveal floor width and vitreoretinal interface changes","volume":"99","author":"Grinton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182252a92","article-title":"Familial trends in a population with macular holes","volume":"32","author":"Kay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.06.013","article-title":"Familial idiopathic macular hole","volume":"138","author":"Lalin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-9975-z","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-guided classification of epiretinal membranes","volume":"35","author":"Konidaris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3562","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9762","article-title":"Assessment of macular function for idiopathic epiretinal membranes classified by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"53","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.4.33","article-title":"Posterior Vitreous Detachment in Highly Myopic Patients","volume":"61","author":"Hayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139780","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139780","article-title":"Frequency and distribution of refractive error in adult life: methodology and findings of the UK Biobank Study","volume":"10","author":"Cumberland","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0010-0","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"bib38","article-title":"Sensitivity of spectral domain optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of posterior vitreous detachment in vitreomacular interface disorders: a prospective cohort study [published online ahead of print May 31, 2021]","author":"Stavrakas","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.10.013","article-title":"Accuracy of spectral-domain OCT of the macula for detection of complete posterior vitreous detachment","volume":"4","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.v98.1","article-title":"Evaluation of posterior vitreous detachment using ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography","volume":"98","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20741","article-title":"Vitreomacular adhesion and its association with age-related macular degeneration in a population-based setting: the Alienor Study","volume":"58","author":"Gattoussi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058498","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of incomplete posterior vitreous detachment in adult Chinese: the Beijing Eye Study","volume":"8","author":"Shao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02150952","article-title":"Posterior vitreous detachment. A combined clinical and physiochemical study","volume":"223","author":"Larsson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02160337","article-title":"Age-related changes in human vitreous structure","volume":"225","author":"Sebag","year":"1987","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0245063","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245063","article-title":"Prevalence of epiretinal membrane in the phakic eyes based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.157727","article-title":"The epidemiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: geographical variation and clinical associations","volume":"94","author":"Mitry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib24","article-title":"Generalisability and assumptions of twin studies","volume-title":"Advances in Twin and Sib-pair Analysis","author":"Kyvik","year":"2000"},{"key":"bib25","volume-title":"Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families","author":"Neale","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2791289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:46Z","timestamp":1791927106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2791289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.64.10.9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]}}}