{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:31:06Z","timestamp":1792855866391,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.13.16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T12:30:56Z","timestamp":1697027456000},"page":"16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Choroidal Changes After Anti-VEGF Therapy in AMD Eyes With Different Types of Macular Neovascularization Using Swept-Source OCT Angiography"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mengxi","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Trivizki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Laiginhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"de Sisternes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Feuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruikang K.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.004","article-title":"Consensus nomenclature for reporting neovascular age-related macular degeneration data: consensus on neovascular age-related macular degeneration nomenclature study group","volume":"127","author":"Spaide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00265-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.10.006","article-title":"Predicting the onset of exudation in treatment-na\u00efve eyes with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4","first-page":"Cd005139","article-title":"Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Solomon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Oct14","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19969","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography and the development of antiangiogenic therapies in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"57","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.022","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness after ranibizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 12-month results","volume":"119","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.692","article-title":"Effect of intravitreous anti\u2013vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on choroidal thickness in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"131","author":"Branchini","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000520171","article-title":"Development of macular atrophy in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration receiving anti-VEGF treatment","volume":"245","author":"Foss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.12.024","article-title":"Choroidal thickness changes in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a 12-month prospective study","volume":"164","author":"Ting","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.039","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness during aflibercept therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: twelve-month results","volume":"123","author":"Koizumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04957-5","article-title":"Short-term choroidal vascular changes after aflibercept therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"259","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.11.002","article-title":"Characteristics that correlate with macular atrophy in ranibizumab-treated patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Staurenghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.3519","article-title":"Histopathological insights into choroidal vascular loss in clinically documented cases of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"134","author":"Seddon","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.4103\/jovr.jovr_125_18","article-title":"Role of the choroid in age-related macular degeneration: a current review","volume":"14","author":"Farazdaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-23960","article-title":"Choroidal structural changes correlate with neovascular activity in neovascular age related macular degeneration","volume":"59","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002845","article-title":"Topographic changes in choroidal thickness in age-related macular degeneration during the development of active choroidal neovascularization","volume":"41","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10271","article-title":"Mechanisms of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitor-associated hypertension and vascular disease","volume":"71","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.15.5","article-title":"Choroidal changes in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after anti-VEGF therapy imaged with swept-source OCT angiography","volume":"62","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001268","article-title":"An updated staging system of type 3 neovascularization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"36","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.0890","article-title":"Correlation of optical coherence tomography angiography of type 3 macular neovascularization with corresponding histology","volume":"140","author":"Berlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib21","first-page":"101113","article-title":"Towards a better understanding of non-exudative choroidal and macular neovascularization","author":"Sacconi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.11.001","article-title":"Thinner choroid and greater drusen extent in retinal angiomatous proliferation than in typical exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"155","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000086","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness in retinal angiomatous proliferation","volume":"34","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002198","article-title":"Reduced choriocapillaris flow in eyes with type 3 neovascularization and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"38","author":"Borrelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003375","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of diabetic choroidopathy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with panretinal photocoagulation using widefield swept source OCT","volume":"42","author":"Russell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1198\/000313001300339897","article-title":"The abuse of power: the pervasive fallacy of power calculations for data analysis","volume":"55","author":"Hoenig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.10.049","article-title":"Post hoc power: not empowering, just misleading","volume":"259","author":"Althouse","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.6.14","article-title":"Swept-source OCT angiographic characteristics of treatment-na\u00efve nonexudative macular neovascularization in AMD prior to exudation","volume":"62","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20181101-09","article-title":"Anatomic localization of type 1 and type 2 macular neovascularization using swept-source OCT angiography","volume":"49","author":"Motulsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.019","article-title":"Clinicopathologic correlation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-treated type 3 neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6067","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.006067","article-title":"Attenuation correction assisted automatic segmentation for assessing choroidal thickness and vasculature with swept-source OCT","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.012","article-title":"Age-related changes in choroidal thickness and the volume of vessels and stroma using swept-source OCT and fully automated algorithms","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.21037\/qims","article-title":"Mitigating the effects of choroidal hyper- and hypo-transmission defects on choroidal vascularity index assessments using optical coherence tomography","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.2016.1247004","article-title":"Small-sample methods for cluster-robust variance estimation and hypothesis testing in fixed effects models","volume":"36","author":"Pustejovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bus Econ Stat"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.12.025","article-title":"Short-term changes in choroidal thickness after aflibercept therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"159","author":"Koizumi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.04.005","article-title":"Understanding age-related macular degeneration (AMD): relationships between the photoreceptor\/retinal pigment epithelium\/Bruch's membrane\/choriocapillaris complex","volume":"33","author":"Bhutto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7187","article-title":"Altered blood flow in the ophthalmic and internal carotid arteries in patients with age-related macular degeneration measured using noncontrast MR angiography at 7T","volume":"42","author":"Hibert","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003460","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits and soft drusen: are they markers for distinct retinal diseases?","volume":"42","author":"Thomson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.08.015","article-title":"An update on the hemodynamic model of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"235","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.05.051","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability","volume":"142","author":"Sasahara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003629","article-title":"Choroidal vascular alterations in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"43","author":"Gemmy Cheung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.4821","article-title":"Assessing the use of incorrectly scaled optical coherence tomography angiography images in peer-reviewed studies: a systematic review","volume":"138","author":"Llanas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8782","article-title":"Diurnal variation of choroidal thickness in normal, healthy subjects measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"53","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3723-9","article-title":"Mapping diurnal changes in choroidal, Haller's and Sattler's layer thickness using 3-dimensional 1060-nm optical coherence tomography","volume":"255","author":"Gabriel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib34","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2792914","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:39Z","timestamp":1791927099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2792914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.64.13.16","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]}}}