{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:00:22Z","timestamp":1791928822941,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.7.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T10:31:35Z","timestamp":1685615495000},"page":"4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Roles of Myopia and Ocular Biometrics as Risk Factors for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Burkemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anmol A.","family":"Pardeshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galo","family":"Apolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"McKean-Cowdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Y.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib2","first-page":"1641","article-title":"The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in Japanese: the Tajimi Study","volume":"111","author":"Iwase","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.05.032","article-title":"Sociodemographic, family history, and lifestyle risk factors for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study","volume":"115","author":"Doshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100070092031","article-title":"Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma: the Barbados Eye Study","volume":"113","author":"Leske","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307223","article-title":"Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Kapetanakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.03.012","article-title":"Myopia as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Marcus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90416-5","article-title":"The relationship between glaucoma and myopia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"106","author":"Mitchell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.050","article-title":"High myopia and glaucoma susceptibility: the Beijing Eye Study","volume":"114","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.12.007","article-title":"Central corneal thickness and corneal hysteresis associated with glaucoma damage","volume":"141","author":"Congdon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8250","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7472","article-title":"Prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in a rural adult Chinese population: the Handan Eye Study","volume":"52","author":"Liang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.035","article-title":"Ocular biometry and open-angle glaucoma: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study","volume":"117","author":"Kuzin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.05.030","article-title":"Baseline risk factors that predict the development of open-angle glaucoma in a population: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study","volume":"119","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19320","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19320","article-title":"Joint effects of intraocular pressure and myopia on risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study","volume":"6","author":"Tham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.125","article-title":"Refractive error, axial dimensions, and primary open-angle glaucoma: the Singapore Malay Eye Study","volume":"128","author":"Perera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0010-0","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.303","article-title":"Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004","volume":"127","author":"Vitale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0183364","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183364","article-title":"Six-year changes in refraction and related ocular biometric factors in an adult Chinese population","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957","article-title":"IMI - defining and classifying myopia: a proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies","volume":"60","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.071118","article-title":"Eye growth changes in myopic children in Singapore","volume":"89","author":"Saw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175921","article-title":"Outdoor activity and myopia progression in 4-year follow-up of Chinese primary school children: the Beijing Children Eye Study","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.011","article-title":"The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): predictors of visual field damage in glaucoma suspects","volume":"159","author":"Khachatryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.01.025","article-title":"Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study","volume":"111","author":"Varma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.06.037","article-title":"Prevalence of glaucoma in North China: the Beijing Eye Study","volume":"150","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0051","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of glaucoma in adult Chinese: a population-based study in Liwan District, Guangzhou","volume":"47","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.02.001","article-title":"The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study: design, methods, and baseline data","volume":"111","author":"Varma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2013.823505","article-title":"The Chinese American eye study: design and methods","volume":"20","author":"Varma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.002","article-title":"The association of refractive error with glaucoma in a multiethnic population","volume":"123","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4009","article-title":"Association of axial length with risk of uncorrectable visual impairment for Europeans with myopia","volume":"134","author":"Tideman","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100933","article-title":"Optic nerve head anatomy in myopia and glaucoma, including parapapillary zones alpha, beta, gamma and delta: histology and clinical features","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010791","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010791","article-title":"Is the peripapillary retinal perfusion related to myopia in healthy eyes? A prospective comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090130079022","article-title":"Family history and risk of primary open angle glaucoma. The Baltimore Eye Survey","volume":"112","author":"Tielsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(66)92551-7","article-title":"High myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"62","author":"Podos","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0218804","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218804","article-title":"Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study: gender and risk of POAG in African Americans","volume":"14","author":"Khachatryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ORSF5","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12789","article-title":"The prevalence of age-related eye diseases and visual impairment in aging: current estimates","volume":"54","author":"Klein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.12.1819","article-title":"The prevalence of glaucoma in a population-based study of hispanic participants: Proyecto VER","volume":"119","author":"Quigley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib24","article-title":"(NP-T5-G) projections of the resident population by race, hispanic origin and nativity: middle series, 2050 to 2070","author":"U.S. Census Bureau"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2785663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:44Z","timestamp":1791927104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2785663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.64.7.4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}}}