{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:00:34Z","timestamp":1791928834126,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.1.10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T11:31:01Z","timestamp":1704281461000},"page":"10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Spectral Analysis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells in Healthy and AMD Eyes"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Leonie","family":"Bourauel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Vaisband","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"von der Emde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Bermond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwigshafen Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Sandra","family":"Tarau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asklepios Klinik Nord - Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Heintzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank G.","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"Curcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, Alabama, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hasenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0854.2001.21202.x","article-title":"The polarity of the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"2","author":"Marmorstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00021.2004","article-title":"The retinal pigment epithelium in visual function","volume":"85","author":"Strauss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16274","article-title":"Lipofuscin redistribution and loss accompanied by cytoskeletal stress in retinal pigment epithelium of eyes with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Ach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17121-0","article-title":"RPE cell and sheet properties in normal and diseased eyes","volume":"854","author":"Rashid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib5","first-page":"583","article-title":"Lipofuscin and melanin of human retinal pigment epithelium. Fluorescence, enzyme cytochemical, and ultrastructural studies","volume":"17","author":"Feeney","year":"1978","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.35","article-title":"Autofluorescent granules of the human retinal pigment epithelium: phenotypes, intracellular distribution, and age-related topography","volume":"61","author":"Bermond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.10.018","article-title":"Visualizing melanosomes, lipofuscin, and melanolipofuscin in human retinal pigment epithelium using serial block face scanning electron microscopy","volume":"166","author":"Pollreisz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.1.23","article-title":"Autofluorescent organelles within the retinal pigment epithelium in human donor eyes with and without age-related macular degeneration","volume":"63","author":"Bermond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002923","article-title":"Natural history of quantitative autofluorescence in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"41","author":"von der Emde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.1475","article-title":"Quantitative fundus autofluorescence in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"134","author":"Gliem","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.10.004","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence and progression of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Schmitz-Valckenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13","first-page":"2435","article-title":"Spectral profiling of autofluorescence associated with lipofuscin, Bruch's membrane, and sub-RPE deposits in normal and AMD eyes","volume":"43","author":"Marmorstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8353-z","article-title":"Changes in spectral properties and composition of lipofuscin fluorophores from human-retinal-pigment epithelium with age and pathology","volume":"407","author":"Feldman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.11.9","article-title":"Fluorescence lifetimes and spectra of RPE and sub-RPE deposits in histology of control and AMD eyes","volume":"61","author":"Schultz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0109-0","article-title":"Spectral analysis of fundus autofluorescence pattern as a tool to detect early stages of degeneration in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"32","author":"Feldman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14802","article-title":"Quantitative autofluorescence and cell density maps of the human retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"55","author":"Ach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib18","first-page":"1085","article-title":"The Alabama Age-Related Macular Degeneration Grading System for donor eyes","volume":"39","author":"Curcio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.v292:4","article-title":"Human photoreceptor topography","volume":"292","author":"Curcio","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib20","first-page":"3278","article-title":"Aging of the human photoreceptor mosaic: evidence for selective vulnerability of rods in central retina","volume":"34","author":"Curcio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib21","first-page":"601","article-title":"The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"17","author":"Wing","year":"1978","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.8.19","article-title":"Histologic cell shape descriptors for the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration: a comparison to unaffected eyes","volume":"11","author":"von der Emde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12729","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.012729","article-title":"Spectral phasor analysis allows rapid and reliable unmixing of fluorescence microscopy spectral images","volume":"20","author":"Fereidouni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35001","DOI":"10.1088\/2050-6120\/1\/3\/035001","article-title":"Spectral phasor approach for fingerprinting of photo-activatable fluorescent proteins Dronpa, Kaede and KikGR","volume":"1","author":"Cutrale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Appl Fluoresc"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.10.068","article-title":"Blind source separation techniques for the decomposition of multiply labeled fluorescence images","volume":"96","author":"Neher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.10.018","article-title":"Visualizing melanosomes, lipofuscin, and melanolipofuscin in human retinal pigment epithelium using serial block face scanning electron microscopy","volume":"166","author":"Pollreisz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.8.13","article-title":"Atlas of human retinal pigment epithelium organelles significant for clinical imaging","volume":"61","author":"Pollreisz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.v2:4","article-title":"Principal component analysis","volume":"2","author":"Abdi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","article-title":"lmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1086\/230638","article-title":"Statistical methods for comparing regression coefficients between models","volume":"100","author":"Clogg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108882","article-title":"Histology and clinical imaging lifecycle of black pigment in fibrosis secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"214","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib34","first-page":"718","article-title":"In vivo fluorescence of the ocular fundus exhibits retinal pigment epithelium lipofuscin characteristics","volume":"36","author":"Delori","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib35","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence and development of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"42","author":"Holz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib36","first-page":"478","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence in age-related macular disease imaged with a laser scanning ophthalmoscope","volume":"38","author":"Von R\u00fcckmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5684","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12445","article-title":"Quantitative fundus autofluorescence in healthy eyes","volume":"54","author":"Greenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.2.15","article-title":"Quantitative fundus autofluorescence in the developing and maturing healthy eye","volume":"10","author":"Pr\u00f6bster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib39","first-page":"1855","article-title":"Age-related accumulation and spatial distribution of lipofuscin in RPE of normal subjects","volume":"42","author":"Delori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.06.005","article-title":"A2E and lipofuscin","volume":"134","author":"Crouch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib41","first-page":"195","article-title":"Aging human RPE: morphometric analysis of macular, equatorial, and peripheral cells","volume":"25","author":"Feeney-Burns","year":"1984","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib42","first-page":"1691","article-title":"Cell loss in the aging retina","volume":"30","author":"Dorey","year":"1989","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.1.23","article-title":"Autofluorescent organelles within the retinal pigment epithelium in human donor eyes with and without age-related macular degeneration","volume":"63","author":"Bermond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002995","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in quantitative autofluorescence during progression from intermediate to late age-related macular degeneration","volume":"41","author":"Reiter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.10.23","article-title":"Impact of the aging lens and posterior capsular opacification on quantitative autofluorescence imaging in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Berlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020560","article-title":"Quantitative autofluorescence in non-neovascular age related macular degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Chandra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26949","article-title":"Quantifying retinal pigment epithelium dysmorphia and loss of histologic auto fluorescence in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"60","author":"Gambril","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1039\/c9pp00406h","article-title":"Fluorescence characteristics of lipofuscin fluorophores from human retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"19","author":"Yakovleva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1134\/S1607672917010069","article-title":"Estimation of fluorescence lifetime of lipofuscin fluorophores contained in lipofuscin granules of retinal pigment epithelium of human cadaver eyes without signs of pathology","volume":"472","author":"Yakovleva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dokl Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.13.19","article-title":"Measuring the contributions of basal laminar deposit and Bruch's membrane in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"61","author":"Sura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.1.33","article-title":"Biometrics, impact, and significance of basal linear deposit and subretinal drusenoid deposit in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.5.13","article-title":"Comparison of green versus blue fundus autofluorescence in ABCA4-related retinopathy","volume":"7","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib53","first-page":"1981","article-title":"The lipofuscin fluorophore A2E mediates blue light-induced damage to retinal pigmented epithelial cells","volume":"41","author":"Sparrow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.0c00119","article-title":"Lipid landscape of the human retina and supporting tissues revealed by high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry","volume":"31","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.6.6","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelium in human donor eyes contains higher levels of bisretinoids including A2E in periphery than macula","volume":"63","author":"Kotnala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010222","article-title":"Lipofuscin granule bisretinoid oxidation in the human retinal pigment epithelium forms cytotoxic carbonyls","volume":"23","author":"Yakovleva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S127","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001325","article-title":"Hyperspectral autofluorescence imaging of drusen and retinal pigment epithelium in donor eyes with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"36","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.5.20","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence lifetimes and spectral features of soft drusen and hyperpigmentation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Hammer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib8","volume-title":"The Retina","author":"Polyak","year":"1941"},{"key":"bib30","first-page":"92","article-title":"Statsmodels: econometric and statistical modeling with Python","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th Python in Science Conference (SciPy 2010)","author":"Seabold","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:46Z","timestamp":1791927106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.1.10","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]}}}