{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:01:34Z","timestamp":1791928894556,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.1.47","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T11:31:12Z","timestamp":1706700672000},"page":"47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Choriocapillaris and Retinal Vascular Alterations in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Corradetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Oncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Kadomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghong","family":"Arakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognition and Brain Integration Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Kloner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, United States"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, United States"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo A.","family":"Sadun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SriniVas R.","family":"Sadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane W.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib2","first-page":"1797","article-title":"Plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217 as state markers of amyloid-\u00df pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"28","author":"Mil\u00e0-Alom\u00e0","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00070-3","article-title":"CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Olsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731614","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.731614","article-title":"Retinal vasculopathy in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"7806","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2247-3","article-title":"APOE4 leads to blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline","volume":"581","author":"Montagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.105","article-title":"Comparison of analytical platforms for cerebrospinal fluid measures of \u00df-amyloid 1-42, total tau, and p-tau181 for identifying Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque pathology","volume":"68","author":"Fagan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79378","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079378","article-title":"Executive function changes before memory in preclinical Alzheimer's pathology: a prospective, cross-sectional, case control study","volume":"8","author":"Harrington","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/37.3.323","article-title":"Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community","volume":"37","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500180078038","article-title":"Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level","volume":"269","author":"Crum","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3182420bfe","article-title":"Montreal cognitive assessment: validation study for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease","volume":"27","author":"Freitas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11","first-page":"709","article-title":"Geriatric Depression Scale","volume":"24","author":"Yesavage","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","first-page":"637","article-title":"Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)","volume":"24","author":"Berg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.01.005","article-title":"Suitability of the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes as a single primary endpoint for Alzheimer's disease trials","volume":"7","author":"Coley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111697","article-title":"Antemortem pulse pressure elevation predicts cerebrovascular disease in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease","volume":"30","author":"Nation","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.12.025","article-title":"Aggregate effects of vascular risk factors on cerebrovascular changes in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Bangen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.001467","article-title":"Depth-resolved imaging of capillary networks in retina and choroid using ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.08.045","article-title":"Guidelines for imaging the choriocapillaris using OCT angiography","volume":"222","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib18","article-title":"Variability of scan quality and perfusion density in longitudinal optical coherence tomography angiography imaging [published online ahead of print October 19, 2023]","author":"Smith","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"17","key":"bib19","first-page":"5493","article-title":"Macular microvascular perfusion status in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Stino","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13193100","article-title":"An analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) perfusion density maps in patients treated for retinal vein occlusion with intravitreal aflibercept","volume":"13","author":"Spiewak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S429718","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) differences in vessel perfusion density and flux index of the optic nerve and peri-papillary area in healthy, glaucoma suspect and glaucomatous eyes","volume":"17","author":"Yospon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28530-7","article-title":"Objective evaluation of size and shape of superficial foveal avascular zone in normal subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"8","author":"Shiihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9853","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09255-5","article-title":"Reproducibility and differences in area of foveal avascular zone measured by three different optical coherence tomographic angiography instruments","volume":"7","author":"Shiihara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"18","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23035","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.023035","article-title":"High-speed adaptive optics for imaging of the living human eye","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22953","article-title":"A novel strategy for quantifying choriocapillaris flow voids using swept-source OCT angiography","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.21037\/qims","article-title":"Accurate estimation of choriocapillaris flow deficits beyond normal intercapillary spacing with swept source OCT angiography","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"bib27","first-page":"775","article-title":"The retinal choroid as an oculovascular biomarker for Alzheimer's dementia: a histopathological study in severe disease","volume":"11","author":"Asanad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.09.049","article-title":"Choroidal structural analysis in Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitively healthy controls","volume":"223","author":"Robbins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1096\/fsb2.v25.1","article-title":"Alzheimer's dementia begins as a disease of small blood vessels, damaged by oxidative-induced inflammation and dysregulated amyloid metabolism: implications for early detection and therapy","volume":"25","author":"Marchesi","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310476","article-title":"Evaluation of optical coherence tomography angiographic findings in Alzheimer's type dementia","volume":"102","author":"Bulut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132039","article-title":"Choroidal thinning as a new finding in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"40","author":"Gharbiya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01298-9","article-title":"Progression of choriocapillaris flow deficits in clinically stable intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Tiosano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.06.009","article-title":"Microvascular network alterations in the retina of patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"10","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3114","article-title":"Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02548-2","article-title":"Retinal pathological features and proteome signatures of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"145","author":"Koronyo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.3556","article-title":"Association of preclinical Alzheimer disease with optical coherence tomographic angiography findings","volume":"136","author":"O'Bryhim","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.02.016","article-title":"OCT angiography findings in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: 3-year follow-up","volume":"128","author":"O'Bryhim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.03.001","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of the retina and choroid in cognitively normal individuals at higher genetic risk of Alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1846756","article-title":"Correlation between the angiographic choriocapillaris and the structural inner choroid","volume":"46","author":"Corvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316893","article-title":"Scotopic microperimetric sensitivity and inner choroid flow deficits as predictors of progression to nascent geographic atrophy","volume":"105","author":"Corradetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06117-x","article-title":"Fractal analysis of the macular region in healthy eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"261","author":"Magesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314127","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"104","author":"van de Kreeke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70194-7","article-title":"Preclinical Alzheimer's disease and its outcome: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Vos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4967","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.v19.11","article-title":"Equivalence of plasma p-tau217 with cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Therriault","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-26269-3_6","article-title":"Advances in retinal imaging: retinal amyloid imaging","volume-title":"OCT and Imaging in Central Nervous System Diseases: The Eye as a Window to the Brain","author":"Koronyo-Hamaoui","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:55Z","timestamp":1791927115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.1.47","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]}}}