{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:00:48Z","timestamp":1791928848952,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.12.45","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T11:34:42Z","timestamp":1730288082000},"page":"45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Accommodative and Vergence Responses to a Moving Stimulus in Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jennifer X.","family":"Haensel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Marusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin E.","family":"Slinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carissa H.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neerali","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christabel A.","family":"Ameyaw Baah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joellen","family":"Leonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn Y.","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayathri","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Norouzpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Jenewein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siva","family":"Meiyeppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Scheiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Raghuram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawna L.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00309-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"21","author":"Maas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102967","article-title":"What is the risk of recurrent concussion in children and adolescents aged 5\u201318 years? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"van Ierssel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70","article-title":"Multiple prior concussions are associated with symptoms in high school athletes","volume":"1","author":"Mannix","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513499230","article-title":"Concussion symptoms and neurocognitive performance of high school and college athletes who incur multiple concussions","volume":"41","author":"Covassin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10S2","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.07.015","article-title":"Concussion in the pediatric and adolescent population: \u201cdifferent population, different concerns\u201d","volume":"3","author":"Karlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-006-0031-9","article-title":"Management of concussion and post-concussion syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Willer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an1303_4","article-title":"Measurement of symptoms following sports-related concussion: reliability and normative data for the post-concussion scale","volume":"13","author":"Lovell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01113","article-title":"A multidimensional approach to post-concussion symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Polinder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260310001606692","article-title":"Post concussion syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Ryan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.965207","article-title":"Physiological, vestibulo-ocular and cervicogenic post-concussion disorders: an evidence-based classification system with directions for treatment","volume":"29","author":"Ellis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.11.011","article-title":"Occurrence of oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis","volume":"78","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00061","article-title":"Visual dysfunctions and symptoms during the subacute stage of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"177","author":"Cap\u00f3-Aponte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-002-0027-z","article-title":"Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Kapoor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.11.05","article-title":"Review of vestibular and oculomotor screening and concussion rehabilitation","volume":"52","author":"Kontos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.12.010","article-title":"Ocular motor assessment in concussion: current status and future directions","volume":"361","author":"Ventura","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6075","article-title":"Vergence endurance test: a pilot study for a concussion biomarker","volume":"36","author":"Yaramothu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12670","article-title":"Visual problems associated with traumatic brain injury","volume":"101","author":"Armstrong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815594367","article-title":"Vision diagnoses are common after concussion in adolescents","volume":"55","author":"Master","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","first-page":"193","article-title":"Prevalence of vision and ocular disease conditions in a clinical pediatric population","volume":"67","author":"Scheiman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.4.04","article-title":"Age differences in recovery after sport-related concussion: a comparison of high school and collegiate athletes","volume":"51","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001041","article-title":"Examining recovery trajectories after sport-related concussion with a multimodal clinical assessment approach","volume":"78","author":"Henry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"642","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X683161","article-title":"Persistent problems 1 year after mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal population study in New Zealand","volume":"66","author":"Theadom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7313","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and quality of life: a long-term follow-up study of patients with persisting concussion symptoms","volume":"38","author":"Doroszkiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e162900","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.2900","article-title":"Association of persistent postconcussion symptoms with pediatric quality of life","volume":"170","author":"Novak","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2021.1959065","article-title":"Association between post-concussion symptoms and oculomotor deficits among adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Gowrisankaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.04.0041","article-title":"Accommodation in mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"47","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2021.03.014","article-title":"Disparity vergence differences between typically occurring and concussion-related convergence insufficiency pediatric patients","volume":"185","author":"Alvarez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.01.0027","article-title":"Effect of oculomotor rehabilitation on accommodative responsivity in mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"51","author":"Thiagarajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.07.0129","article-title":"Vergence in mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study","volume":"49","author":"Szymanowicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000936","article-title":"Objective assessment of vergence after treatment of concussion-related CI: a pilot study","volume":"94","author":"Scheiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198706000-00009","article-title":"Clinical method for measuring adaptation of tonic accommodation and vergence accommodation","volume":"64","author":"Tsuetaki","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.65.1.99","article-title":"Is the convergence insufficiency symptom survey specific for convergence insufficiency? A prospective, randomized study","volume":"65","author":"Horan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Orthopt J"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019515","article-title":"Inter-individual variability in the dynamics of natural accommodation in humans: relation to age and refractive errors","volume":"461","author":"Schaeffel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000221402.35099.fb","article-title":"Validation of the PowerRefractor for measuring human infant refraction","volume":"83","author":"Blade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4667","article-title":"The sensitivity of the 2- to 4-month-old human infant accommodation system","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.11.003","article-title":"Depth-of-focus of the human eye: theory and clinical implications","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001177","article-title":"Blur detection, depth-of-field, and accommodation in emmetropic and hyperopic children","volume":"95","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200010000-00008","article-title":"Laboratory, Clinical, and Kindergarten Test of a New Eccentric Infrared Photorefractor (PowerRefractor)","volume":"77","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.023","article-title":"Peripheral refraction along the horizontal and vertical visual fields in myopia","volume":"46","author":"Atchison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.02.006","article-title":"Characteristics of accommodative behavior during sustained reading in emmetropes and myopes","volume":"46","author":"Harb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/8.16.14","article-title":"Cues for the control of ocular accommodation and vergence during postnatal human development","volume":"8","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/2576117X.2022.2033588","article-title":"When does blur matter? A narrative review and commentary","volume":"72","author":"Horwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.04.023","article-title":"The use of cues to convergence and accommodation in na\u00efve, uninstructed participants","volume":"48","author":"Horwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040806","article-title":"Prevalence of post-concussion-like symptoms in the general injury population and the association with health-related quality of life, health care use, and return to work","volume":"10","author":"van der Vlegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2021.03.002","article-title":"Vergence, accommodation, and visual tracking in children and adolescents evaluated in a multidisciplinary concussion clinic","volume":"184","author":"Wiecek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-228011","article-title":"Accommodative and pupillary dysfunctions in concussion\/mild traumatic brain injury: a review","volume":"50","author":"Thiagarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000439","article-title":"Near point of convergence and gait deficits in adolescents after sport-related concussion","volume":"28","author":"Howell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.04.008","article-title":"Postconcussion: receded near point of convergence is not diagnostic of convergence insufficiency","volume":"206","author":"Raghuram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.57.000819","article-title":"Extension of Panum's fusional area in binocularly stabilized vision","volume":"57","author":"Fender","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181e67936","article-title":"Visual tracking synchronization as a metric for concussion screening","volume":"25","author":"Maruta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:55Z","timestamp":1791927115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.12.45","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]}}}