{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:01:36Z","timestamp":1791928896232,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.12.7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T10:31:07Z","timestamp":1728037867000},"page":"7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retinal Pigment Epithelium Curvature Can Predict Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Rene","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Nivison-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001540","article-title":"Predictive factors for development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography study","volume":"38","author":"Fragiotta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05419-2","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography predictors of progression of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration to advanced atrophic and exudative disease.","volume":"260","author":"Amarasekera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21696","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography features preceding the onset of advanced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Ferrara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20211210-01","article-title":"Risk classification for progression to subfoveal geographic atrophy in dry age-related macular degeneration using machine learning\u2013enabled outer retinal feature extraction","volume":"53","author":"Sarici","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-04798-8","article-title":"Pigmentary abnormality without significant drusen as a risk factor for late age-related macular degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.12.006","article-title":"OCT prognostic biomarkers for progression to late age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Trinh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina."},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181e91132","article-title":"Inner segment\u2013outer segment junctional layer integrity and corresponding retinal sensitivity in dry and wet forms of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"31","author":"Landa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-1928-5","article-title":"Relationship between retinal morphological findings and visual function in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"250","author":"Akagi-Kurashige","year":"2012","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318242b949","article-title":"Effect of change in drusen evolution on photoreceptor inner segment\/outer segment junction","volume":"32","author":"Hartmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.06.008","article-title":"Foveal microstructure and functional parameters in lamellar macular hole","volume":"154","author":"Reibaldi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2034-4","article-title":"Recovery of photoreceptor outer segments after anti-VEGF therapy for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"251","author":"Oishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","first-page":"1849","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and interobserver variability of macular disease evaluation using optical coherence tomography","volume":"60","author":"Wagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20105","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the ellipsoid zone intensity in phenotypic variations of intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Gin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib14","first-page":"204","article-title":"Managing professional identity within a changing market environment: New Zealand optometrists\u2019 responses to the growth of corporate optometry","volume":"15","author":"Handy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kotuitui"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12801","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to the delivery of eye care by optometrists: a systematic review using the theoretical domains framework","volume":"41","author":"Toomey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.8196","article-title":"Impact of an electronic health record operating room management system in ophthalmology on documentation time, surgical volume, and staffing","volume":"132","author":"Sanders","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003","article-title":"Deep learning in ophthalmology: the technical and clinical considerations","volume":"72","author":"Ting","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Retinal Eye Res"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.038","article-title":"Retinal specialist versus artificial intelligence detection of retinal fluid from OCT: age-related eye disease study 2: 10-year follow-on study","volume":"128","author":"Keenan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0338-x","article-title":"Changes in macular drusen parameters preceding the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"Lamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.12.047","article-title":"Second reflective band intensity in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003306","article-title":"Longitudinal ellipsoid zone and outer retinal integrity dynamics after epiretinal membrane surgery","volume":"42","author":"Tuifua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.12.27","article-title":"Challenges associated with ellipsoid zone intensity measurements using optical coherence tomography","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.033","article-title":"Associations with retinal pigment epithelium thickness measures in a large cohort: results from the UK Biobank","volume":"124","author":"Ko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1968.tb00650.x","article-title":"An introduction to the hydraulic and topographic sinuosity indexes","volume":"58","author":"Mueller","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Assoc Am Geographers"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.2.2","article-title":"Nivison-Smith L. RPE curvature can screen for early and intermediate AMD","volume":"65","author":"Cheung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05167-3","article-title":"Topography of choriocapillaris flow deficit predicts development of neovascularization or atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"259","author":"Corvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1878821","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of the Centre for Eye Health: an intra-professional optometry-led collaborative eye care clinic in Australia.","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom."},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318276e0ae","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of detecting reticular pseudodrusen in multimodal imaging in Japanese patients","volume":"33","author":"Ueda-Arakawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.9.6","article-title":"Spatial cluster patterns of retinal sensitivity loss in intermediate age-related macular degeneration features","volume":"12","author":"Trinh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.2.26","article-title":"Topographic distribution and progression of soft drusen volume in age-related macular degeneration implicate neurobiology of fovea","volume":"62","author":"Pollreisz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0335","article-title":"Macular segmentation with optical coherence tomography","volume":"46","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"086020","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.8.086020","article-title":"User-guided segmentation for volumetric retinal optical coherence tomography images","volume":"19","author":"Yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79424-6","article-title":"Modelling normal age-related changes in individual retinal layers using location-specific OCT analysis","volume":"11","author":"Trinh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.13.13","article-title":"Location-specific thickness patterns in intermediate age-related macular degeneration reveals anatomical differences in multiple retinal layers","volume":"62","author":"Trinh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.03.013","article-title":"Five-year incidence, progression, and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: the age, gene\/environment susceptibility study","volume":"121","author":"Jonasson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.01.012","article-title":"Progression from early\/intermediate to advanced forms of age-related macular degeneration in a large UK cohort: rates and risk factors","volume":"4","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0211186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211186","article-title":"Axial length and its associations in a Russian population: the Ural Eye and Medical Study","volume":"14","author":"Bikbov","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.11.040","article-title":"Ocular axial length and its associations in an adult population of central rural India: the Central India Eye and Medical Study","volume":"117","author":"Nangia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0584-6","article-title":"Confounding and collinearity in regression analysis: a cautionary tale and an alternative procedure, illustrated by studies of British voting behaviour","volume":"52","author":"Johnston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quality Quantity"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18572","article-title":"Drusen volume as a predictor of disease progression in patients with late age-related macular degeneration in the fellow eye","volume":"57","author":"Abdelfattah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.11.004","article-title":"Hyporeflective cores within drusen: association with progression of age-related macular degeneration and impact on visual sensitivity","volume":"6","author":"Goh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.01.028","article-title":"Cuticular drusen in age-related macular degeneration: association with progression and impact on visual sensitivity","volume":"129","author":"Goh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1085","article-title":"Location of lesions associated with age-related maculopathy over a 10-year period: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"45","author":"Knudtson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60282-7","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"379","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308422","article-title":"Drusen volume development over time and its relevance to the course of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"101","author":"Schlanitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.12.007","article-title":"Characteristics and spatial distribution of structural features in age-related macular degeneration: a MACUSTAR Study report","volume":"7","author":"Sa\u00dfmannshausen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100325","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: interreader agreement of evaluation on OCT imaging in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.12.3","article-title":"A deep learning framework for the detection and quantification of reticular pseudodrusen and drusen on optical coherence tomography","volume":"11","author":"Schwartz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7269","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16989","article-title":"Phenotype characteristics of fellow eyes in patients with early onset of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Schick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.12.011","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal evaluation of nascent geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0131154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131154","article-title":"Scale adjustments to facilitate two-dimensional measurements in OCT images","volume":"10","author":"Garcia Garrido","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.141127","article-title":"Correlation between retinal sensitivity and photoreceptor inner\/outer segment junction in patients with retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"93","author":"Mitamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181c596e3","article-title":"Disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment\/outer segment layer on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography is a predictor of poor visual acuity in patients with epiretinal membranes","volume":"30","author":"Oster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.01.017","article-title":"Association between foveal photoreceptor integrity and visual outcome in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"148","author":"Hayashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.02.012","article-title":"The significance of external limiting membrane status for visual acuity in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"150","author":"Oishi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4182","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Australia: the Australian national eye health survey","volume":"135","author":"Keel","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib36","author":"Carl Zeiss Meditec","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:56Z","timestamp":1791927116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.12.7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]}}}