{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:00:29Z","timestamp":1791928829453,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.14.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T10:30:50Z","timestamp":1733481050000},"page":"15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Elevation of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Human AMD Donor RPE-Choroid"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Mulfaul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan H.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha G.","family":"Schwarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel F.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence A.","family":"Potempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roosevelt University College of Pharmacy, Schaumburg, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd E.","family":"Scheetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin M.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Budd A.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6476","article-title":"Choriocapillaris vascular dropout related to density of drusen in human eyes with early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"52","author":"Mullins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.107939","article-title":"Choriocapillaris dropout in early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"192","author":"Lutty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.12.41","article-title":"Choriocapillaris impairment is associated with delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"64","author":"Kar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20049","article-title":"Distribution and quantification of choroidal macrophages in human eyes with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"57","author":"McLeod","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-308290","article-title":"Increased choroidal mast cells and their degranulation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"100","author":"Bhutto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2717","article-title":"NLRP3 has a protective role in age-related macular degeneration through the induction of IL-18 by drusen components","volume":"18","author":"Doyle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"230","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230ra44","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007616","article-title":"IL-18 attenuates experimental choroidal neovascularization as a potential therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Doyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5424","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17264","article-title":"IL-18 immunotherapy for neovascular AMD: tolerability and efficacy in nonhuman primates","volume":"56","author":"Doyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.49890","article-title":"The role of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3459","article-title":"Immunology of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Ambati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408835103","article-title":"Drusen complement components C3a and C5a promote choroidal neovascularization","volume":"103","author":"Nozaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.07.007","article-title":"Inhibition of TNF-alpha reduces laser-induced choroidal neovascularization","volume":"83","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2147-8","article-title":"Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"73","author":"Kauppinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3RI0615-239R","article-title":"Parainflammation, chronic inflammation, and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"bib15","first-page":"348092","article-title":"The role of the immune response in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"2013","author":"Whitcup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Inflam"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.03.002","article-title":"The impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on RPE degeneration in non-neovascular AMD","volume":"60","author":"Datta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1246","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the CD18 or ICAM-1 gene inhibits choroidal neovascularization","volume":"44","author":"Sakurai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.6.774","article-title":"Progression of age-related macular degeneration: prospective assessment of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and other cardiovascular biomarkers","volume":"123","author":"Seddon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.227","article-title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"128","author":"Jonas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000490153","article-title":"Aqueous humor levels of cytokines in patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"241","author":"Mimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib21","first-page":"718","article-title":"Altered cytokine profiles of human retinal pigment epithelium: oxidant injury and replicative senescence","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101353","article-title":"Targeting cell-type-specific, choroid-peripheral immune signaling to treat age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.11.001","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis across nasal, temporal, and macular regions of human neural retina and RPE\/choroid by RNA-Seq","volume":"129","author":"Whitmore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.11.2791.bloodjournal78112791","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its receptor","volume":"78","author":"Demetri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.11.012","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION)","volume":"118","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1115177","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1115177","article-title":"G-CSF regulates macrophage phenotype and associates with poor overall survival in human triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Hollm\u00e9n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108204","article-title":"Spectacle: an interactive resource for ocular single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis","volume":"200","author":"Voigt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac043","article-title":"Choroidal endothelial and macrophage gene expression in atrophic and neovascular macular degeneration","volume":"31","author":"Voigt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.199216","article-title":"C-reactive protein and complement factor H in aged human eyes and eyes with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"95","author":"Bhutto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109770","article-title":"Role of immune inflammation regulated by macrophage in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"239","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-04-570762","article-title":"Endothelial cells translate pathogen signals into G-CSF-driven emergency granulopoiesis","volume":"124","author":"Boettcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/86498","article-title":"Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrow-derived angioblasts prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function","volume":"7","author":"Kocher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000205607.98538.9a","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized circulating c-Kit+\/Flk-1+ progenitor cells regenerate endothelium and inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury","volume":"26","author":"Takamiya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.07.002","article-title":"G-CSF exerts dual effects on endothelial cells\u2013opposing actions of direct eNOS induction versus indirect CRP elevation","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.6.704","article-title":"Association between C-reactive protein and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"291","author":"Seddon","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00808","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a therapeutic target in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Molins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4766","article-title":"Monomeric C-reactive protein and inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"240","author":"Chirco","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.4.585","article-title":"Du Clos TW. The major receptor for C-reactive protein on leukocytes is fcgamma receptor II","volume":"190","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib39","first-page":"\u2013","article-title":"Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein","volume":"42","author":"Mold","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600483","article-title":"FHR-1 binds to C-reactive protein and enhances rather than inhibits complement activation","volume":"199","author":"Csincsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:48Z","timestamp":1791927108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.14.15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]}}}