{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:19:21Z","timestamp":1792012761102,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.2.20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T10:31:17Z","timestamp":1707474677000},"page":"20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Regional Conjunctival Differences in Glycocalyx Mucin Expression in Dry Eye and Normal Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Moonjung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Ablamowicz","family":"Tichenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.02.014","article-title":"Membrane-tethered mucins have multiple functions on the ocular surface","volume":"90","author":"Govindarajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1146\/physiol.2008.70.issue-1","article-title":"Structure and function of the cell surface (tethered) mucins","volume":"70","author":"Hattrup","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib3","first-page":"1684","article-title":"Expression of secretory mucin genes by human conjunctival epithelia.","volume":"37","author":"Inatomi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.005","article-title":"Goblet cells of the conjunctiva: a review of recent findings","volume":"54","author":"Gipson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31823f8d8c","article-title":"The lid wiper contains goblet cells and goblet cell crypts for ocular surface lubrication during the blink","volume":"31","author":"Knop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0862","article-title":"MUC16 mucin is expressed by the human ocular surface epithelia and carries the H185 carbohydrate epitope","volume":"44","author":"Argueso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00204-5","article-title":"Distribution of mucins at the ocular surface","volume":"78","author":"Gipson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Detection of sialomucin complex (MUC4) in human ocular surface epithelium and tear fluid","volume":"41","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/SERIES1767","article-title":"Innate immunity and mucus structure and function","volume":"279","author":"Sheehan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Novartis Found Symp"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100393","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100393","article-title":"Comparison of the transmembrane mucins MUC1 and MUC16 in epithelial barrier function","volume":"9","author":"Gipson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"27","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20547","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.121319","article-title":"Muc1 cell surface mucin attenuates epithelial inflammation in response to a common mucosal pathogen","volume":"285","author":"Guang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00117","article-title":"The role of the cell surface mucin MUC1 as a barrier to infection and regulator of inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Dhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","first-page":"299","article-title":"Conjunctival goblet cell density in normal subjects and in","volume":"14","author":"Ralph","year":"1975","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59956-7","article-title":"Regional comparison of goblet cell number and area in exposed and covered dry eyes and their correlation with tear MUC5AC","volume":"10","author":"Khimani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200111000-00019","article-title":"Quantification of MUC5AC protein in human tears","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.026583","article-title":"Human preocular mucins reflect changes in surface physiology","volume":"88","author":"Berry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0877-7","article-title":"Human lacrimal gland mucins","volume":"316","author":"Paulsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8363","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7655","article-title":"Ocular mucin gene expression levels as biomarkers for the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Corrales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31820d852a","article-title":"Comparison of mucin levels at the ocular surface of postmenopausal women with and without a history of dry eye","volume":"30","author":"Gipson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib20","first-page":"970","article-title":"Quantification of MUCIN 1, cell surface associated and MUCIN16, cell surface associated proteins in tears and conjunctival epithelial cells collected from postmenopausal women","volume":"19","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318295a2a5","article-title":"Symptoms, visual function, and mucin expression of eyes with tear film instability","volume":"32","author":"Shimazaki-Den","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"Suppl 95","key":"bib22","first-page":"1+","article-title":"Mucous gland system of the conjunctiva. A quantitative normal anatomical study","author":"Kessing","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(77)90499-8","article-title":"A simple conjunctival biopsy","volume":"84","author":"Egbert","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1969.00990020012003","article-title":"Diagnostic tests in the Sicca syndrome","volume":"82","author":"van Bijsterveld","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.5.615","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index","volume":"118","author":"Schiffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318294b0c0","article-title":"Psychometric properties and validation of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness questionnaire","volume":"32","author":"Ngo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70083-6","article-title":"Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease: report of the Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007)","volume":"5","author":"Bron","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Ocular Surface"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib28","first-page":"221","article-title":"Report of the National Eye Institute\/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes","volume":"21","author":"Lemp","year":"1995","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70081-2","article-title":"The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007)","volume":"5","author":"Lemp","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Ocular Surface"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1998.00378.x","article-title":"The value of a phenol red impregnated thread for differentiating between the aqueous and non-aqueous deficient dry eye","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2001.1045","article-title":"Epithelial mucins of the ocular surface: structure, biosynthesis and function","volume":"73","author":"Argueso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4509","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0430","article-title":"Functions of MUC16 in corneal epithelial cells","volume":"48","author":"Blalock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.01.018","article-title":"Assay of mucins in human tear fluid","volume":"84","author":"Spurr-Michaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2010.07.002","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of aqueous boundary lubrication by mucinous glycoproteins","volume":"15","author":"Coles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2014.12.004","article-title":"Spontaneous blinking from a tribological viewpoint","volume":"13","author":"Pult","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.3890","article-title":"Cutting edge: enhanced pulmonary clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Muc1 knockout mice","volume":"176","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.11.008","article-title":"Mucins, Mucus, and Goblet Cells","volume":"154","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.07.003","article-title":"Muc1 mucin limits both Helicobacter pylori colonization of the murine gastric mucosa and associated gastritis","volume":"133","author":"McGuckin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(92)90315-Z","article-title":"Cell membrane-associated mucins and their adhesion-modulating property","volume":"17","author":"Hilkens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(94)03674-8","article-title":"Is episialin\/MUC1 involved in breast cancer progression?","volume":"90","author":"Hilkens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-012-0228-2","article-title":"Glycobiology of the ocular surface: mucins and lectins","volume":"57","author":"Argueso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"52","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33245","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.52.33245","article-title":"Reversible disruption of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions by overexpression of sialomucin complex","volume":"272","author":"Komatsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015590515957","article-title":"Non-glycosylated tandem repeats of MUC1 facilitate attachment of breast tumor cells to normal human lung tissue and immobilized extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) in vitro: potential role in metastasis","volume":"19","author":"Ciborowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH","article-title":"Recurrent corneal erosion: a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.03.003","article-title":"Ocular surface membrane-associated mucins","volume":"14","author":"Ablamowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0988","article-title":"Expression patterns of sialylated epitope recognized by KL-6 monoclonal antibody in ocular surface epithelium of normals and dry eye patients","volume":"45","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib48","first-page":"2602","article-title":"Alteration of mucin in human conjunctival epithelia in dry eye","volume":"39","author":"Danjo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318225415a","article-title":"Distribution of aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye in a clinic-based patient cohort: a retrospective study","volume":"31","author":"Lemp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e31811ead93","article-title":"An evaluation of the efficacy of fluorescein, rose Bengal, lissamine green, and a new dye mixture for ocular surface staining","volume":"34","author":"Korb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"bib51","first-page":"3","article-title":"Vital staining of cornea and conjunctiva. Fluorescein-rose Bengal mixture and tetrazolium-alcian blue mixture","volume":"113","author":"Norn","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Suppl"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.10.001","article-title":"Clinical staining of the ocular surface: mechanisms and interpretations","volume":"44c","author":"Bron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2013.11.003","article-title":"Fluorescein staining and physiological state of corneal epithelial cells","volume":"37","author":"Bandamwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwl041","article-title":"Characterization of a carbohydrate epitope defined by the monoclonal antibody H185: sialic acid O-acetylation on epithelial cell-surface mucins","volume":"16","author":"Argueso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"issue":"34","key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23037","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.033332","article-title":"Association of cell surface mucins with galectin-3 contributes to the ocular surface epithelial barrier","volume":"284","author":"Argueso","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181930c03","article-title":"Staining patterns in dry eye syndrome: rose bengal versus lissamine green","volume":"28","author":"Machado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:49Z","timestamp":1791927109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.2.20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]}}}