{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:01:12Z","timestamp":1791928872476,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.5.32","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T11:31:06Z","timestamp":1716291066000},"page":"32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["VEGF-C and 5-Fluorouracil Improve Bleb Survival in a Rabbit Glaucoma Surgery Trabeculectomy Model"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longfang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yameng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinmiao","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Weinreb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingjun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"10108","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31469-1","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"390","author":"Jonas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.058","article-title":"Aqueous angiography: aqueous humor outflow imaging in live human subjects","volume":"124","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/vision.2020.6.issue-1","article-title":"Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery: a critical appraisal of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Mathew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.06.004","article-title":"The critical role of the conjunctiva in glaucoma filtration surgery","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.2018.46.issue-4","article-title":"XEN-45 gelatin microfistula for uveitic glaucoma","volume":"46","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000462","article-title":"Review of the Xen gel stent and InnFocus MicroShunt","volume":"29","author":"Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.2019.47.issue-5","article-title":"Four-year results of a minimally invasive transscleral glaucoma gel stent implantation in a prospective multi-centre study","volume":"47","author":"Lenzhofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e231","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.2019.97.issue-2","article-title":"Longitudinal bleb morphology in anterior segment OCT after minimally invasive transscleral ab interno Glaucoma Gel Microstent implantation","volume":"97","author":"Lenzhofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.v100.1","article-title":"Three-year effectiveness and safety of the XEN gel stent as a solo procedure or in combination with phacoemulsification in open-angle glaucoma: a multicentre study","volume":"100","author":"Reitsamer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.09.049","article-title":"The Singapore 5-Fluorouracil trabeculectomy study: effects on intraocular pressure control and disease progression at 3 years","volume":"116","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21480","article-title":"Inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 prevents conjunctival fibrosis in an experimental model of glaucoma filtration surgery","volume":"58","author":"Chong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34291-9","article-title":"5-fluorouracil and glaucoma filtering surgery. II. A pilot study","volume":"91","author":"Heuer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.10.002","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in the primary tube versus trabeculectomy study after 3 years of follow-up","volume":"127","author":"Gedde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib14","first-page":"187","article-title":"Ocular surface disease in posttrabeculectomy\/mitomycin C patients","volume":"9","author":"Lam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2013.874487","article-title":"Efficacy of additional glaucoma drainage device insertion in refractory glaucoma: case series with a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16","first-page":"748","article-title":"Bleb needling outcomes for failed trabeculectomy blebs in Asian eyes: a 2-year follow up","volume":"8","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.11.011","article-title":"Quantitative study of the topographic distribution of conjunctival lymphatic vessels in the monkey","volume":"94","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108049","article-title":"Functional, structural, and molecular identification of lymphatic outflow from subconjunctival blebs","volume":"196","author":"Akiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10078-1382","article-title":"Bleb-related porcine lymphatic outflow is greater from subconjunctival compared to subtenon blebs","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Curr Glaucoma Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.10.004","article-title":"Aqueous outflow channels and its lymphatic association: a review","volume":"67","author":"Narayanaswamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2021.100080","article-title":"Structural confirmation of lymphatic outflow from subconjunctival blebs of live human subjects","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000199","article-title":"Lymphatic and blood vessel density in human conjunctiva after glaucoma filtration surgery","volume":"25","author":"Bouhenni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib23","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Absence of lymphatic vessels in non-functioning bleb capsules of glaucoma drainage devices","volume":"35","author":"Siggel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.v47.7","article-title":"Use of trypan blue as an aqueous tracer dye to investigate hypotony where cyclodialysis cleft is suspected","volume":"l47","author":"Khoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI75395","article-title":"The Schlemm's canal is a VEGF-C\/VEGFR-3-responsive lymphatic-like vessel","volume":"124","author":"Aspelund","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.10.16","article-title":"Subconjunctival lymphatics respond to VEGFC and anti-metabolites in rabbit and mouse eyes","volume":"63","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2441","article-title":"Postoperative use of bevacizumab as an antifibrotic agent in glaucoma filtration surgery in the rabbit","volume":"50","author":"Memarzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2013.851704","article-title":"The effect of bevacizumab on wound healing modulation in an experimental trabeculectomy model","volume":"39","author":"Ozgonul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3949","article-title":"Combined treatment with bevacizumab and 5-fluorouracil attenuates the postoperative scarring response after experimental glaucoma filtration surgery","volume":"51","author":"How","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.2013.17.issue-12","article-title":"Inhibition of placental growth factor improves surgical outcome of glaucoma surgery","volume":"17","author":"Van Bergen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6428","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19751","article-title":"Integrin alpha5beta1 inhibition by CLT-28643 reduces postoperative wound healing in a mouse model of glaucoma filtration surgery","volume":"57","author":"Van Bergen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib32","first-page":"123","article-title":"Nanomedicine for glaucoma: liposomes provide sustained release of latanoprost in the eye","volume":"7","author":"Natarajan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1159\/000533427","article-title":"Local adenoviral delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor C induces lymphangiogenesis in the conjunctiva in rabbits","volume":"66","author":"Rasic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1689","article-title":"Therapeutic differentiation and maturation of lymphatic vessels after lymph node dissection and transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Tammela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.4.3.4","article-title":"Effect of two novel sustained-release drug delivery systems on bleb fibrosis: an in vivo glaucoma drainage device study in a rabbit model","volume":"4","author":"Schoenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001215","article-title":"Effect of 2 novel sustained-release drug release systems on bleb fibrosis: an in vivo trabeculectomy study in a rabbit model","volume":"28","author":"Swann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"24","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(01)00170-3","article-title":"Slow release of the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from modified Baerveldt glaucoma drains to prolong drain function","volume":"22","author":"Jacob","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6240","article-title":"Evaluation of pirfenidone as a new postoperative antiscarring agent in experimental glaucoma surgery","volume":"52","author":"Zhong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00188","article-title":"Validation of the glaucoma filtration surgical mouse model for antifibrotic drug evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Seet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001525","article-title":"Prevention of postsurgical lymphedema by 9-cis retinoic acid","volume":"264","author":"Bramos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.320565","article-title":"Piezo1-regulated mechanotransduction controls flow-activated lymphatic expansion","volume":"131","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:52Z","timestamp":1791927112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.5.32","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]}}}