{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:00:47Z","timestamp":1791928847693,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.6.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T11:31:24Z","timestamp":1717414284000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Aging Lacrimal Gland of Female C57BL\/6J Mice Exhibits Multinucleate Macrophage Infiltration Associated With Lipid Dysregulation"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Minchang","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Edman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cintia S.","family":"de Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Hamm-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.4394","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"McCann","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.103","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye disease among US men: estimates from the Physicians\u2019 Health Studies","volume":"127","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00218-6","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye syndrome among US women","volume":"136","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181f7f363","article-title":"The economic burden of dry eye disease in the United States: a decision tree analysis","volume":"30","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108115","article-title":"Biological functions of tear film","volume":"197","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.04.053","article-title":"In-depth analysis of the human tear proteome","volume":"75","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"bib8","first-page":"237","article-title":"Aging changes in the human lacrimal gland: role of the ducts","volume":"11","author":"Roen","year":"1985","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30125-0","article-title":"Relation between signs and symptoms of dry eye in the elderly. A population-based perspective","volume":"104","author":"Schein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70177-5","article-title":"The aging lacrimal gland: changes in structure and function","volume":"6","author":"Rocha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.11.019","article-title":"Ocular surface disease and dacryoadenitis in aging C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"184","author":"McClellan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109251","article-title":"Ectopic lymphoid structures in the aged lacrimal glands","volume":"248","author":"Galletti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00529-z","article-title":"Immune phenotype of the CD4(+) T cells in the aged lymphoid organs and lacrimal glands","volume":"44","author":"Trujillo-Vargas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.10.013","article-title":"Modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the aged lacrimal gland","volume":"191","author":"de Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557516666151120114605","article-title":"The role oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of eye diseases: current status and a dual role of physical activity","volume":"16","author":"Kruk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P041780","article-title":"Lipidomic analysis of human tear fluid reveals structure-specific lipid alterations in dry eye syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202101055","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202101055","article-title":"Increased exosome secretion in neurons aging in vitro by NPC1-mediated endosomal cholesterol buildup","volume":"4","author":"Guix","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.09.046","article-title":"Variation in NPC1, the gene encoding Niemann-Pick C1, a protein involved in intracellular cholesterol transport, is associated with Alzheimer disease and\/or aging in the Polish population","volume":"447","author":"Erickson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.v42.3","article-title":"Quantification of age-related changes of alpha-tocopherol in lysosomal membranes in murine tissues and human fibroblasts","volume":"42","author":"Konig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.03.049","article-title":"Structure of N-terminal domain of NPC1 reveals distinct subdomains for binding and transfer of cholesterol","volume":"137","author":"Kwon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10079","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611956113","article-title":"Clues to the mechanism of cholesterol transfer from the structure of NPC1 middle lumenal domain bound to NPC2","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38564","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.38564","article-title":"Lysosomal cholesterol export reconstituted from fragments of Niemann-Pick C1","volume":"7","author":"Trinh","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0548-7","article-title":"Regulation of adaptive immunity in health and disease by cholesterol metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Fessler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.026","article-title":"Discovery of sterically-hindered phenol compounds with potent cytoprotective activities against ox-LDL-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death as a potential pharmacotherapy","volume":"178","author":"Gnanaguru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.05.148","article-title":"Cathepsins: proteases that are vital for survival but can also be fatal","volume":"105","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2011.10.002","article-title":"Cysteine cathepsins: from structure, function and regulation to new frontiers","volume":"1824","author":"Turk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071679","article-title":"The ins and outs of cathepsins: physiological function and role in disease management","volume":"9","author":"Yadati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI181","article-title":"Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and K in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells","volume":"102","author":"Sukhova","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34776","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310814200","article-title":"Cysteine protease cathepsin F is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions, is secreted by cultured macrophages, and modifies low density lipoprotein particles in vitro","volume":"279","author":"Oorni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64254-X","article-title":"Differential expression of cysteine and aspartic proteases during progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"161","author":"Jormsjo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.05.012","article-title":"Cathepsin L expression and regulation in human abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, and vascular cells","volume":"184","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.688523","article-title":"Cathepsin L deficiency reduces diet-induced atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice","volume":"115","author":"Kitamoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1623","article-title":"Cathepsin L activity controls adipogenesis and glucose tolerance","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.87.29","article-title":"Structure-based development of specific inhibitors for individual cathepsins and their medical applications","volume":"87","author":"Katunuma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.v233.9","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease","volume":"233","author":"Shapouri-Moghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084039","article-title":"The unique phenotype of lipid-laden macrophages","volume":"22","author":"van Eijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.139887","article-title":"Giant cells in dermatology","volume":"59","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198806000-00012","article-title":"Karl Touton and his \u201cxanthelasmatic giant cell.\u201d A selective review of multinucleated giant cells","volume":"10","author":"Aterman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092073","article-title":"Osteoblast-osteoclast communication and bone homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004","article-title":"Foreign body reaction to biomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1146\/immunol.2018.36.issue-1","article-title":"The formation and function of granulomas","volume":"36","author":"Pagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.10.012","article-title":"Age-dependent alterations in mouse exorbital lacrimal gland structure, innervation and secretory response","volume":"80","author":"Rios","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2019.19.e3","article-title":"Age-related autoimmune changes in lacrimal glands","volume":"19","author":"de Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02455","article-title":"Expression and localization of aging markers in lacrimal gland of chronic graft-versus-host disease","volume":"3","author":"Kawai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155415610792","article-title":"Optimization of single- and dual-color immunofluorescence protocols for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues","volume":"64","author":"Kajimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"bib47","first-page":"56188","article-title":"Simple elimination of background fluorescence in formalin-fixed human brain tissue for immunofluorescence microscopy","volume":"127","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.3.369","article-title":"Incidence of dry eye in an older population","volume":"122","author":"Moss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64605","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.v7i40","article-title":"Interferon-gamma deficiency protects against aging-related goblet cell loss","volume":"7","author":"Volpe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.02.007","article-title":"The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging","volume":"20","author":"Galletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054897","article-title":"Heterochronic parabiosis causes dacryoadenitis in young lacrimal glands","volume":"24","author":"Scholand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.9.674","article-title":"Senile atrophy of the human lacrimal gland: the contribution of chronic inflammatory disease","volume":"68","author":"Damato","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30971-2","article-title":"Histopathologic study of human lacrimal gland. Statistical analysis with special reference to aging","volume":"102","author":"Obata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4922","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500163","article-title":"Novel role of TRPML2 in the regulation of the innate immune response","volume":"195","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.2006.7.issue-10","article-title":"Mucolipin-1 is a lysosomal membrane protein required for intracellular lactosylceramide traffic","volume":"7","author":"Pryor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23559","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.v234.12","article-title":"Small GTPase Arf6 regulates diabetes-induced cholesterol accumulation in podocytes","volume":"234","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000075912.83860.26","article-title":"Regulation and mechanisms of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/fml.2006.260.issue-2","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular characterization of a lipase produced by Rhizopus oryzae","volume":"260","author":"Salah","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3073","article-title":"Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets","volume":"11","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246","article-title":"Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue","volume":"112","author":"Weisberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.v11:10","article-title":"F4\/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage","volume":"11","author":"Austyn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.112.2.517","article-title":"Macrophages in haemopoietic and other tissues of the developing mouse detected by the monoclonal antibody F4\/80","volume":"112","author":"Morris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.1.486","article-title":"Molecular cloning of F4\/80, a murine macrophage-restricted cell surface glycoprotein with homology to the G-protein-linked transmembrane 7 hormone receptor family","volume":"271","author":"McKnight","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.03.011","article-title":"Translocator protein localises to CD11b(+) macrophages in atherosclerosis","volume":"284","author":"Kopecky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2008.02.005","article-title":"Three-colour fluorescence immunohistochemistry reveals the diversity of cells staining for macrophage markers in murine spleen and liver","volume":"334","author":"Lloyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2012.01.004","article-title":"Nonepithelial skin tumors with multinucleated giant cells","volume":"30","author":"Gomez-Mateo Mdel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2014.016","article-title":"Xanthomas: clinical and pathophysiological relations","volume":"158","author":"Zak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15051313","article-title":"Mechanisms of foreign body giant cell formation in response to implantable biomaterials","volume":"15","author":"Eslami-Kaliji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13995","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13995","article-title":"The impact of age and sex on body composition and glucose sensitivity in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"7","author":"Reynolds","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2009.07.005","article-title":"Molecular mediators of macrophage fusion","volume":"19","author":"Helming","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.02.006","article-title":"An overview of the derivation and function of multinucleated giant cells and their role in pathologic processes","volume":"189","author":"Brooks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25389","article-title":"DC-STAMP: a key regulator in osteoclast differentiation","volume":"231","author":"Chiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051123","article-title":"Macrophage fusion: the making of osteoclasts and giant cells","volume":"202","author":"Vignery","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.06.132","article-title":"E-cadherin is dispensable to maintain Langerhans cells in the epidermis","volume":"140","author":"Brand","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1146\/immunol.2005.23.issue-1","article-title":"Macrophage receptors and immune recognition","volume":"23","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1096\/fsb2.v23.12","article-title":"Inhibitory regulation of osteoclast bone resorption by signal regulatory protein alpha","volume":"23","author":"van Beek","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"bib45","article-title":"Histology, lipofuscin","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Snyder","year":"2024"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.29861","volume-title":"Immunity in Infective Diseases","author":"Metchnikoff","year":"1905"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:46Z","timestamp":1791927106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.6.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]}}}