{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:00:40Z","timestamp":1791928840643,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.8.41","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T11:31:05Z","timestamp":1721820665000},"page":"41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High Resolution Images of Human Meibum Spread on Saline"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"P. Ewen","family":"King-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn G.","family":"Begley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(64)80019-8","article-title":"The fine structure of the lipid droplets in the meibomian gland of the mouse","volume":"10","author":"Parakkal","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Ultrastructure Res"},{"key":"bib2","first-page":"2284","article-title":"Human meibomian glands: the ultrastructure of acinar cells as viewed by thin section and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopies","volume":"33","author":"Sirigu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.12.017","article-title":"Temperature-induced transitions in the structure and interfacial rheology of human meibum","volume":"102","author":"Leiske","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(02)00028-0","article-title":"Structure of the skin barrier and its modulation by vesicular formulations","volume":"42","author":"Bouwstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10987","article-title":"Structural and rheological properties of meibomian lipid","volume":"54","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2098981","article-title":"A perspective on the use of fluorescent images to reveal mechanisms of breakup","volume":"47","author":"King-Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.05.003","article-title":"Four characteristics and a model of an effective tear film lipid layer (TFLL)","volume":"11","author":"King-Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.1954.58.issue-6","article-title":"The effect of monolayers on the rate of evaporation of water","volume":"58","author":"Archer","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-016-1146-x","article-title":"Surface properties and exponential stress relaxations of mammalian meibum films","volume":"46","author":"Eftimov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Biophys J"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.06.001","article-title":"Interactions of polar lipids with cholesteryl ester multilayers elucidate tear film lipid layer structure","volume":"18","author":"Paananen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(11)70033-7","article-title":"High resolution microscopy of the lipid layer of the tear film","volume":"9","author":"King-Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10022","article-title":"Analysis of comparison of human meibomian lipid films and mixtures with cholesteryl esters in vitro films using high resolution color microscopy","volume":"53","author":"Millar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13:1\u20139","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.1.13","article-title":"Effect of model tear film lipid layer on water evaporation","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.02.004","article-title":"The interfacial viscoelastic properties and structures of human and animal Meibomian lipids","volume":"90","author":"Leiske","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib15","first-page":"8445","article-title":"Role of endogenous ingredients in meibum and film structures on stability of the tear film lipid layer against lateral compression","volume":"35","author":"Yoshida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111392:1\u20136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111392","article-title":"Evaporation retardation by model tear-lipid films: the roles of film aging, compositions and interfacial rheological properties","volume":"197","author":"Svitova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.09.007","article-title":"Mechanisms, imaging and structure of tear film breakup","volume":"16","author":"King-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199111000-00005","article-title":"Lipid adsorption onto hydrogel contact lens materials. Advantages of Nile red over oil red O in visualization of lipids","volume":"68","author":"Mirejovsky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688609029242","article-title":"Refractive index of meibomian and other lipids","volume":"5","author":"Tiffany","year":"1986","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2013.03.007","article-title":"Water-evaporation reduction by duplex films: application to the human tear film","volume":"197\u2013198","author":"Cerretani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Colloid Interface Science"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1749243","article-title":"Oil lenses on water and the nature of monomolecular expanded films","volume":"1","author":"Langmuir","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199901000-00025","article-title":"Three interferometric methods for measuring the thickness of layers of the tear film","volume":"76","author":"King-Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4387","article-title":"Application of a novel interferometric method to investigate the relation between lipid layer thickness and tear film thinning","volume":"51","author":"King-Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71:1\u201341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-020-00745-8","article-title":"Awisi-Gyau D. Parameter estimation for evaporation-driven tear film thinning","volume":"82","author":"Luke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13355","article-title":"Biophysical and morphological evaluation of human normal and dry eye meibum using hot stage polarized light microscopy","volume":"55","author":"Butovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib23","volume-title":"Optics","author":"Tunnacliffe","year":"1981"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21656-0","volume-title":"Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena","author":"de Gennes","year":"2004"},{"key":"bib28","volume-title":"Intermolecular and surface forces","author":"Israelachvilli","year":"2011","edition":"3rd. ed."}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2800613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:54Z","timestamp":1791927114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2800613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.8.41","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]}}}