{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:01:48Z","timestamp":1791928908402,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.12.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T12:30:54Z","timestamp":1756816254000},"page":"3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of Plasma Omega-3 Fatty Acids With POAG"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Jia-Yan","family":"Kai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Xuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Ning","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Lanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofu","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"10108","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31469-1","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"390","author":"Jonas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04555-4","article-title":"A multiethnic genome-wide association study of primary open-angle glaucoma identifies novel risk loci","volume":"9","author":"Choquet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2030355","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes","volume":"2","author":"Calder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7064416","article-title":"Effect of dietary fatty acids on human lipoprotein metabolism: a comprehensive update","volume":"7","author":"Ooi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)32018-4","article-title":"An evaluation of optic disc and nerve fiber layer examinations in monitoring progression of early glaucoma damage","volume":"99","author":"Quigley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","first-page":"141","article-title":"Are n-3 fatty acids still cardioprotective?","volume":"16","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.5702","article-title":"Association of dietary fatty acid intake with glaucoma in the United States","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02356.x","article-title":"Nutritional, lifestyle and environmental factors in ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma: an exploratory case-control study","volume":"91","author":"Renard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","first-page":"476","article-title":"Association of n3 and n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in red blood cell membrane and plasma with severity of normal tension glaucoma","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.146078","article-title":"Circulating fatty acids and risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: a mendelian randomization study","volume":"811","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-01910-w","article-title":"Plasma fatty acids and primary open-angle glaucoma in the elderly: the Montrachet population-based study","volume":"21","author":"Chemaly","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"9822","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60404-8","article-title":"What makes UK Biobank special?","volume":"379","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3001547","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001547","article-title":"Characterising metabolomic signatures of lipid-modifying therapies through drug target mendelian randomisation","volume":"20","author":"Richardson","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0556-y","article-title":"Multitrait analysis of glaucoma identifies new risk loci and enables polygenic prediction of disease susceptibility and progression","volume":"52","author":"Craig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9259","article-title":"Using fractional polynomials and restricted cubic splines to model non-proportional hazards or time-varying covariate effects in the Cox regression model","volume":"41","author":"Austin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20851-4","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 127 open-angle glaucoma loci with consistent effect across ancestries","volume":"12","author":"Gharahkhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7944","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","article-title":"FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population","volume":"613","author":"Kurki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.09.020","article-title":"Association of open-angle glaucoma loci with incident glaucoma in the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"159","author":"Burdon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.005","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids as protective factors for age-related macular degeneration: prospective cohort and mendelian randomization analyses","volume":"132","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007","article-title":"Primary open-angle glaucoma patients have reduced levels of blood docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids","volume":"74","author":"Ren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.07.008","article-title":"Red blood cell plasmalogens and docosahexaenoic acid are independently reduced in primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"89","author":"Acar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02455.x","article-title":"Vascular risk factors in glaucoma: a review","volume":"39","author":"Yanagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0585","article-title":"Dietary omega 3 fatty acids decrease intraocular pressure with age by increasing aqueous outflow","volume":"48","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2011.00969.x","article-title":"Biomarkers and special features of oxidative stress in the anterior segment of the eye linked to lens cataract and the trabecular meshwork injury in primary open-angle glaucoma: challenges of dual combination therapy with N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops and oral formulation of nonhydrolyzed carnosine","volume":"26","author":"Babizhayev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035102","article-title":"Lipid composition of the human eye: are red blood cells a good mirror of retinal and optic nerve fatty acids?","volume":"7","author":"Acar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3462-1","volume-title":"Regression modeling strategies","author":"Harrell","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2810759","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:02Z","timestamp":1791927122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2810759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.66.12.3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]}}}