{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:02:22Z","timestamp":1791928942594,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.14.9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T13:02:10Z","timestamp":1762261330000},"page":"9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Graphene Quantum Dots on Pterygium Cells"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Donghoon","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Seung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Shinsegae Eye Center, Eui Jung Bu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Image, Seoul Shinsegae Eye Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","first-page":"2421","article-title":"Expression analysis of human pterygium shows a predominance of conjunctival and limbal markers and genes associated with cell migration","volume":"15","author":"Jaworski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.2.212","article-title":"Apoptosis and apoptosis related gene expression in normal conjunctiva and pterygium","volume":"84","author":"Tan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000621","article-title":"Significance of Fuchs flecks in patients with pterygium\/pinguecula: earliest indicator of ultraviolet light damage","volume":"34","author":"Ip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.03.001","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Rezvan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sur Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S186543","article-title":"How to minimize pterygium recurrence rates: clinical perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Nuzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib6","first-page":"25158414211020152","article-title":"Pterygium: an update on pathophysiology, clinical features, and management","volume":"13","author":"Shahraki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00689-x","article-title":"Conjunctival and limbal conjunctival autograft vs. amniotic membrane graft in primary pterygium surgery: a 30-year comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"Paganelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.7.433","article-title":"Role of mitomycin C in pterygium surgery","volume":"77","author":"Mahar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166957","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1166957","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the treatment of primary pterygium","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13178","article-title":"Use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the management of pterygium","volume":"95","author":"Mak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1159\/000151740","article-title":"Topical cyclosporine A in the prevention of pterygium recurrence","volume":"222","author":"Yalcin Tok","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7941","article-title":"Involvement of SPARC and MMP-3 in the pathogenesis of human pterygium","volume":"53","author":"Seet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000477","article-title":"Cyclosporine A downregulates MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression in cultured pterygium fibroblasts","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169675","article-title":"Inhibition of pterygium fibroblast migration and outgrowth by bevacizumab and cyclosporine A involves down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases-3 and-13","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4588","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3147","article-title":"Increased expression of gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in pterygia and pterygium fibroblasts with disease progression and activation of protein kinase C","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4022","article-title":"Role of periostin and interleukin-4 in recurrence of pterygia","volume":"51","author":"Kuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib18","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Periostin induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the integrin a5\u00df1\/TWIST-2 axis in cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Sonongbua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.03.010","article-title":"Targeting cell-cycle machinery in cancer","volume":"39","author":"Suski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer cell"},{"key":"bib20","first-page":"2733","article-title":"CyclinD1 protein expressed in pterygia is associated with \u00df-catenin protein localization","volume":"16","author":"Tung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.110387","article-title":"Expression of p27 (KIP1) and cyclin D1, and cell proliferation in human pterygium","volume":"91","author":"Kase","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad55d0","article-title":"A review on synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)","volume":"35","author":"Bae","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01362-4","article-title":"Graphene quantum dots rescue angiogenic retinopathy via blocking STAT3\/Periostin\/ERK signaling","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37530","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c05731","article-title":"Graphene quantum dots reduce hypertrophic scar by inducing myofibroblasts to be a quiescent state","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mat Interfaces"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0179-y","article-title":"Graphene quantum dots prevent a-synucleinopathy in Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c01053","article-title":"Graphene quantum dots as antifibrotic therapy for kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaz2630","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz2630","article-title":"Graphene quantum dots as anti-inflammatory therapy for colitis","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01713-1","article-title":"Biocompatible nucleus-targeted graphene quantum dots for selective killing of cancer cells via DNA damage","volume":"4","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104062","article-title":"Graphene quantum dots alleviate ROS-mediated gastric damage","volume":"25:","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy090","article-title":"Hydroxylated-graphene quantum dots induce DNA damage and disrupt microtubule structure in human esophageal epithelial cells","volume":"164","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.4.17","article-title":"Atypical U3 snoRNA suppresses the process of pterygium through modulating 18S ribosomal RNA synthesis","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6355","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12141","article-title":"Overexpression of angiogenin in pterygium body fibroblasts and its association with proliferative potency","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"mjad009","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjad009","article-title":"Impairment of autophagy promotes human conjunctival fibrosis and pterygium occurrence via enhancing the SQSTM1\u2013NF-?B signaling pathway","volume":"15:","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.3c00806","article-title":"STORM imaging buffer with a refractive index matched to standard immersion oil","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e16-06-0421","article-title":"Extracting microtubule networks from superresolution single-molecule localization microscopy data","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.21.317","article-title":"Microtubule disruption induces the formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions in cultured cells: possible involvement of the rho signal cascade","volume":"21","author":"Enomoto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell Struct Funct"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)13317-6","article-title":"Colchicine activates actin polymerization by microtubule depolymerization","volume":"7","author":"Jung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.162","article-title":"Mitotic spindle assembly in animal cells: a fine balancing act","volume":"18","author":"Prosser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0009-y","article-title":"Microtubule dynamics: an interplay of biochemistry and mechanics","volume":"19","author":"Brouhard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2024.01.013","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the complex cellular niche of pterygium","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.01.010","article-title":"Fibroblast biology in pterygia","volume":"142","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108124","article-title":"Targeted delivery of mitomycin C-loaded and LDL-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for inhibiting the proliferation of pterygium subconjunctival fibroblasts","volume":"197","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805860","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201805860","article-title":"Cancer-targeting graphene quantum dots: fluorescence quantum yields, stability, and cell selectivity","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mat"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81604-7","article-title":"Efficacy of graphene quantum dot-hyaluronic acid nanocomposites containing quinoline for target therapy against cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Soltani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8615","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b00729","article-title":"Surface engineering of graphene quantum dots and their applications as efficient surfactants","volume":"7","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mat Interfaces"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47167-x","article-title":"Halogen doped graphene quantum dots modulate TDP-43 phase separation and aggregation in the nucleus","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"bib7","volume-title":"Ocular surface disease: cornea, conjunctiva and tear film e-book: expert consult-online and print","author":"Holland","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2811041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:13Z","timestamp":1791927133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2811041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.66.14.9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]}}}