{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:01:04Z","timestamp":1791928864479,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.3.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T11:31:25Z","timestamp":1742297485000},"page":"34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Three-Dimensional \u03b2-Amyloid Burden Correlation Between the Eye and Brain in Alzheimer's Disease Mice Using Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Hye Joo","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dankook University Medical Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seog-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Hwa","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-Jong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-024-00848-3","article-title":"Anti-amyloid antibody therapies for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"58","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","article-title":"Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease","volume":"388","author":"Van Dyck","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.227","article-title":"The retina as a window to the brain-from eye research to CNS disorders","volume":"9","author":"London","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32621-0","article-title":"Optic nerve damage in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"97","author":"Sadun","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.020","article-title":"Identification of amyloid plaques in retinas from Alzheimer's patients and noninvasive in vivo optical imaging of retinal plaques in a mouse model","volume":"54","author":"Koronyo-Hamaoui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24548","article-title":"Melanopsin retinal ganglion cell loss in Alzheimer disease","volume":"79","author":"La Morgia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5136","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1849","article-title":"Amyloid-\u00df deposits lead to retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"49","author":"Ning","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.108974","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease amyloid-\u00df pathology in the lens of the eye","volume":"221","author":"Moncaster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574816","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1574816","article-title":"Retinal levels of amyloid beta correlate with cerebral levels of amyloid beta in young APPswe\/PS1dE9 transgenic mice before onset of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2020","author":"Mei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100035","article-title":"Optical sectioning deep inside live embryos by selective plane illumination microscopy","volume":"305","author":"Huisken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10129","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1202-06.2006","article-title":"Intraneuronal \u00df-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer's disease mutations: potential factors in amyloid plaque formation","volume":"26","author":"Oakley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191346","article-title":"Age-specific retinal and cerebral immunodetection of amyloid-\u00df plaques and oligomers in a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"76","author":"Habiba","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00862","article-title":"Retinal functional and structural changes in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.06.032","article-title":"A novel approach for imaging brain-behavior relationships in mice reveals unexpected metabolic patterns during seizures in the absence of tissue plasminogen activator","volume":"38","author":"Mirrione","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.07.014","article-title":"A three-dimensional digital atlas database of the adult C57BL\/6J mouse brain by magnetic resonance microscopy","volume":"135","author":"Ma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4483","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114483","article-title":"Quantitation of tissue amyloid via fluorescence spectroscopy using controlled concentrations of thioflavin-S","volume":"28","author":"MacKeigan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1978.4310039","article-title":"Picture thresholding using an iterative selection method","volume":"8","author":"Ridler","year":"1978","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01463655","article-title":"Methods in quantitative image analysis","volume":"105","author":"Oberholzer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.2.1.315","article-title":"Current methods in medical image segmentation","volume":"2","author":"Pham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"bib21","first-page":"23","article-title":"A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms","volume":"11","author":"Otsu","year":"1975","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of the local and global thresholding methods in image segmentation","volume":"2","author":"Chaubey","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Res Rev"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12006","article-title":"Developing retinal biomarkers for the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease: what we know, what we don't, and how to move forward","volume":"16","author":"Alber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00055","article-title":"Visual and ocular manifestations of Alzheimer's disease and their use as biomarkers for diagnosis and progression","volume":"7","author":"Javaid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3706018","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3706018","article-title":"Markers of Alzheimer's disease in primary visual cortex in normal aging in mice","volume":"2017","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Zimbr\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199702100-00027","article-title":"Expression of \u00dfb-amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in the retina of the rat during normal development and after neonatal optic tract lesion","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29892","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029892","article-title":"Amyloid precursor protein is required for normal function of the rod and cone pathways in the mouse retina","volume":"7","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.251","article-title":"Beta-amyloid sequelae in the eye: a critical review on its diagnostic significance and clinical relevance in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"22","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlx020","article-title":"Absence of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes in eyes of subjects with Alzheimer disease","volume":"76","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02769-z","article-title":"Neuropathological hallmarks in the post-mortem retina of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"148","author":"Hart de Ruyter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"16","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93717","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93621","article-title":"Retinal amyloid pathology and proof-of-concept imaging trial in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Koronyo","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12888","article-title":"Ocular changes in TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"55","author":"Tsai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317513520214","article-title":"Detection of amyloid \u00df signature in the lens and its correlation in the brain to aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"30","author":"Kerbage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01556-y","article-title":"Neurodegenerative biomarkers in different chambers of the eye relative to plasma: an agreement validation study","volume":"16","author":"Sampani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00267","article-title":"Amyloid plaques in retina for diagnosis in Alzheimer's patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.060","article-title":"Three-dimensional study of Alzheimer's disease hallmarks using the iDISCO clearing method","volume":"16","author":"Liebmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17342","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506723102","article-title":"3D structure of Alzheimer's amyloid-\u00df1-42 fibrils","volume":"102","author":"L\u00fchrs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4409","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.32883","article-title":"Site-specifically labeled (89)Zr-DFO-trastuzumab improves immuno-reactivity and tumor uptake for immuno-PET in a subcutaneous HER2-positive xenograft mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Kristensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67284-z","article-title":"Hybrid PET\/MRI enables high-spatial resolution, quantitative imaging of amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model","volume":"10","author":"Frost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(96)00009-7","article-title":"Retinal pathology in Alzheimer's disease. II. Regional neuron loss and glial changes in GCL","volume":"17","author":"Blanks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-023-00831-4","article-title":"The development status of PET radiotracers for evaluating neuroinflammation","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-023-00837-y","article-title":"A key mediator and imaging target in Alzheimer's disease: unlocking the role of reactive astrogliosis through MAOB","volume":"58","author":"Nam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.4845","article-title":"Ocular biomarkers for Alzheimer disease dementia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"141","author":"Costanzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81304-6","article-title":"Thioflavin-positive tau aggregates complicating quantification of amyloid plaques in the brain of 5XFAD transgenic mouse model","volume":"11","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib18","article-title":"Imaris Reference Manual","author":"Bitplane","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib22","volume-title":"An Introduction to Digital Image Processing","author":"Niblack","year":"1985"},{"key":"bib23","volume-title":"Computer Vision","author":"Stockman","year":"2001"},{"key":"bib38","volume-title":"GigaVoxels: A Voxel-Based Rendering Pipeline for Efficient Exploration of Large and Detailed Scenes","author":"Crassin","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib39","volume-title":"Vector-to-Closest-Point Octree for Surface Ray-Casting","author":"Demir","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:03Z","timestamp":1791927123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.66.3.34","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}