{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:01:40Z","timestamp":1791928900211,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.5.19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T10:31:03Z","timestamp":1746700263000},"page":"19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Regulatory Effects of the Wnt7b\/\u03b2-Catenin\/MMP-2 Signaling Pathway on Scleral Stiffness in Guinea Pigs With Form-Deprivation Myopia"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Binyu","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bosheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengdi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongshi","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.6","article-title":"IMI prevention of myopia and its progression","volume":"62","author":"Jost","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.5347","article-title":"Insights into the global epidemic of high myopia and its implications","volume":"140","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcz076","article-title":"We can't afford to turn a blind eye to myopia","volume":"116","author":"Bourke","year":"2023","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.12.16","article-title":"The clinical role of the choroidal assessment in high myopia: characteristics and association with neovascular and atrophic complications","volume":"64","author":"Arrigo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Mi","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25983","article-title":"Myopia \u2013 a 21st century public health issue","volume":"60","author":"Resnikoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11003","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.11003","article-title":"Healthcare utilization and economic burden of myopia in urban China: a nationwide cost-of-illness study","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101156","article-title":"Myopia: histology, clinical features, and potential implications for the etiology of axial elongation","volume":"96","author":"Jonas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00063-0","article-title":"Role of the sclera in the development and pathological complications of myopia","volume":"22","author":"McBrien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2022.03.21","article-title":"Scleral remodeling in myopia development","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123744","article-title":"Oral bovine milk lactoferrin administration suppressed myopia development through matrix metalloproteinase 2 in a mouse model","volume":"12","author":"Ikeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103263","article-title":"Stepwise candidate drug screening for myopia control by using zebrafish, mouse, and Golden Syrian Hamster myopia models","volume":"65","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22289","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202200132R","article-title":"AREG is involved in scleral remodeling in form-deprivation myopia via the ERK1\/2-MMP-2 pathway","volume":"36","author":"She","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-019-0054-9","article-title":"Potent delivery of an MMP inhibitor to the tumor microenvironment with thermosensitive liposomes for the suppression of metastasis and angiogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Lyu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130043","article-title":"A review of matrix metalloproteinase-2-sensitive nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery for tumor therapy","volume":"262","author":"Zong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.8.2","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced scleral HIF-2a upregulation contributes to rises in MMP-2 expression and myopia development in mice","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.9.21","article-title":"Canonical Wnt signaling drives myopia development and can be pharmacologically modulated","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01875-1","article-title":"The effect of Wnt\/\u00df-catenin pathway on the scleral remodeling in the mouse during form deprivation","volume":"41","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6689","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7689","article-title":"Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia","volume":"6","author":"Miyake","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"29","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5443","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SM00592E","article-title":"Crossover behavior in stress relaxations of poroelastic and viscoelastic dominant hydrogels","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1275","article-title":"Cell mechanics: principles, practices, and prospects","volume":"6","author":"Moeendarbary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13060963","article-title":"Investigation of soft matter nanomechanics by atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers: a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Magazz\u00f9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.100773","article-title":"Scleral structure and biomechanics","volume":"74","author":"Boote","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.07.015","article-title":"The dynamic sclera: extracellular matrix remodeling in normal ocular growth and myopia development","volume":"133","author":"Harper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109294","article-title":"The collagen metabolism affects the scleral mechanical properties in the different processes of scleral remodeling","volume":"118","author":"Ouyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2021.2009515","article-title":"Atropine affects the outer retina during inhibiting form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.11.000487","article-title":"Lower-field myopia and astigmatism in amphibians and chickens","volume":"11","author":"Schaeffel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043166","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.3.043166","article-title":"Unified description of compressive modulus revealing multiscale mechanics of living cells","volume":"3","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Rev Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01772207","article-title":"Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase(s): localization and activation","volume":"126","author":"Tyagi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib30","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Myocardial MMP-2 contributes to SERCA2a proteolysis during cardiac ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury","volume":"116","author":"Roczkowsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24173","article-title":"Baicalein targets STMN1 to inhibit the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via regulating the Wnt\/\u00df-catenin pathway","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.23","article-title":"WNT7B mediates autocrine Wnt\/\u00df-catenin signaling and anchorage-independent growth in pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Arensman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110095","article-title":"Mechanical strain affects collagen metabolism-related gene expression in scleral fibroblasts","volume":"126","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.06.002","article-title":"Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 by scleral monocyte-derived macrophages contributes to myopia development","volume":"190","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0279111","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279111","article-title":"Effects of riboflavin\/ultraviolet-A scleral collagen cross-linking on regional scleral thickness and expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP in myopic guinea pigs","volume":"18","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2020.66.6.13","article-title":"Effects of latanoprost on the expression of TGF-\u00df1 and Wnt \/\u00df-catenin signaling pathway in the choroid of form-deprivation myopia rats","volume":"66","author":"Suo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2048395","article-title":"Retinal transcriptomics analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of disturbed emmetropization induced by wavelength defocus","volume":"47","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.10.11","article-title":"Association of WNT7B and RSPO1 with axial length in school children","volume":"61","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00762-6","article-title":"Wnt\/\u00df-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"21","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15839","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115839","article-title":"Intraperitoneal injection of MCC950 inhibits the progression of myopia in form-deprivation myopic mice","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04662-x","article-title":"LncRNA-XR_002792574.1-mediated ceRNA network reveals potential biomarkers in myopia-induced retinal ganglion cell damage","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-023-00361-2","article-title":"Establishment of a novel ER-stress induced myopia model in mice","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye Vis (Lond)"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.10.024","article-title":"The elastic modulus and collagen of sclera increase during the early growth process","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.12.023","article-title":"Augmentation of scleral glycolysis promotes myopia through histone lactylation","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"bib46","first-page":"121","article-title":"Evaluation of MMP2 as a candidate gene for high myopia","volume":"19","author":"Gong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21181","article-title":"Reduced scleral TIMP-2 expression is associated with myopia development: TIMP-2 supplementation stabilizes scleral biomarkers of myopia and limits myopia development","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108695","article-title":"Study of the effects of rabbit scleral fibroblasts on cellular biomechanical properties and MMP-2 expression using two modes of riboflavin\/ultraviolet A wave collagen cross-linking","volume":"212","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.078","article-title":"Effect of enzyme-induced collagen crosslinking on porcine sclera","volume":"528","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35313","article-title":"Collagen is crucial target protein for scleral remodeling and biomechanical change in myopia progression and control","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00143-0","article-title":"Wnt signaling controls pro-regenerative Collagen XII in functional spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish","volume":"8","author":"Wehner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03068-w","article-title":"Wnt5a\/\u00df-catenin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a key driver of subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15079","article-title":"Beta-catenin causes fibrotic changes in the extracellular matrix via upregulation of collagen I transcription","volume":"177","author":"Roh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184653","article-title":"Regulatory effects and interactions of the Wnt and OPG-RANKL-RANK signaling at the bone\u2013cartilage interface in osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib32","author":"Deshmukh"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802969","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:59Z","timestamp":1791927119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2802969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.66.5.19","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]}}}