{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:02:36Z","timestamp":1791928956935,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.10.32","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:30:42Z","timestamp":1786627842000},"page":"32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["External Dynamic Visual Noise Matched to the Appearance of Visual Snow Fails to Reproduce Key Perceptual Properties of the Phenomenon"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eggert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Straube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Ruscheweyh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.4.664","article-title":"Persistent positive visual phenomena in migraine","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu050","article-title":"\u2018Visual snow\u2019\u2013a disorder distinct from persistent migraine aura","volume":"137","author":"Schankin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743608","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.743608","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of visual snow","volume":"12","author":"Vaphiades","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003784","article-title":"Behavioral measures of cortical hyperexcitability assessed in people who experience visual snow","volume":"88","author":"McKendrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab383","article-title":"Visual contrast perception in visual snow syndrome reveals abnormal neural gain but not neural noise","volume":"145","author":"Brooks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.14.002477","article-title":"Psychophysical signatures associated with magnocellular and parvocellular pathway contrast gain","volume":"14","author":"Pokorny","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.2.604","article-title":"Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. II. Differentiation of retinal from extraretinal inputs","volume":"60","author":"Newsome","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.2.944","article-title":"Eye position effects in monkey cortex. I. Visual and pursuit-related activity in extrastriate areas MT and MST","volume":"77","author":"Bremmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp286","article-title":"Retinotopic coding of extraretinal pursuit signals in early visual cortex","volume":"20","author":"Lebranchu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.04.012","article-title":"Real-motion signals in human early visual cortex","volume":"175","author":"Nau","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.01.055","article-title":"Contextual modulation outside of awareness","volume":"15","author":"Clifford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"6702","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/26967","article-title":"Imaging unconscious semantic priming","volume":"395","author":"Dehaene","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38917","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38917","article-title":"Unconscious processing of invisible visual stimuli","volume":"6","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","first-page":"192","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders (3rd ed.), chapter A1.4.6","volume":"38","author":"International Headache Society","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The Psychophysics Toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spat Vis"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03202828","article-title":"QUEST: a Bayesian adaptive psychometric method","volume":"33","author":"Watson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.16.2.225","article-title":"Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis","volume":"16","author":"Rouder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychonomic bulletin & review"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.24.6.3","article-title":"What does visual snow look like? Quantification by matching a simulation","volume":"24","author":"Montoya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.5.38","article-title":"Improving understanding of visual snow by quantifying its appearance and effect on vision","volume":"65","author":"Brooks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64679-2","article-title":"Resolution limit of the eye\u2014how many pixels can we see?","volume":"16","author":"Ashraf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"bib21","first-page":"134","article-title":"\u00dcber das optische Wahrnehmen von Bewegungen","volume":"53","author":"Filehne","year":"1922","journal-title":"Z Sinnesphysiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00622503","article-title":"Das reafferenzprinzip: wechselwirkungen zwischen zentralnervensystem und peripherie","volume":"37","author":"Von Holst","year":"1950","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1068\/p160299","article-title":"Retinal and extraretinal information in movement perception: how to invert the Filehne illusion","volume":"16","author":"Wertheim","year":"1987","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00034646","article-title":"Motion perception during selfmotion: the direct versus inferential controversy revisited","volume":"17","author":"Wertheim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00154-9","article-title":"Modification of the Filehne illusion by conditioning visual stimuli","volume":"36","author":"Haarmeier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.70.001458","article-title":"Contrast masking in human vision","volume":"70","author":"Legge","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"issue":"1627","key":"bib27","first-page":"2891","article-title":"Area summation in human vision at and above detection threshold","volume":"274","author":"Meese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib28","first-page":"2","article-title":"Patients with visual \u201csnow\u201d have normal equivalent input noise levels","volume":"10","author":"Raghavan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01355-y","article-title":"Age-and frequency-dependent changes in dynamic contrast perception in visual snow syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Eren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-01004-5","article-title":"Dissociating conscious and unconscious influences on visual detection effects","volume":"5","author":"Stein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.15.23","article-title":"Adapting to visual noise alleviates visual snow","volume":"64","author":"Montoya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.13.23","article-title":"Visual snow is susceptible to the motion aftereffect","volume":"66","author":"Montoya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.12.001","article-title":"Visual snow: a thalamocortical dysrhythmia of the visual pathway?","volume":"28","author":"Lauschke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724072","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.724072","article-title":"Visual snow syndrome as a network disorder: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25343","article-title":"Disrupted connectivity within visual, attentional and salience networks in the visual snow syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Puledda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26176","article-title":"Brain network dynamics in people with visual snow syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Strik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"19","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00109-6","article-title":"Detection of global structure in Glass patterns: implications for form vision","volume":"38","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0362-5","article-title":"Neuronal dynamics of bottom-up and top-down processes in area V4 of macaque monkeys performing a visual search","volume":"173","author":"Ogawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.003","article-title":"Top-down control of visual attention","volume":"20","author":"Noudoost","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"bib40","volume-title":"Principles Governing Photometry","author":"BIPM","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.10.32","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:17Z","timestamp":1791927137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.10.32"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.10.32","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}}}