{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:01:44Z","timestamp":1791928904417,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.11.41","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:30:39Z","timestamp":1790080239000},"page":"41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adrenergic Pathways Mediate Circadian IOP Rhythm in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Zamitalo-Pomares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Passaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.10.16","article-title":"Effect of ambient lighting on intraocular pressure rhythms in rats","volume":"65","author":"Nicou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689608997412","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure in the rat","volume":"15","author":"Moore","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688109001822","article-title":"Circadian rhythm in intraocular pressure: a rabbit model","volume":"1","author":"Rowland","year":"1981","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1264605","article-title":"The role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of circadian intraocular pressure rhythm in mice","volume":"42","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2009.00717.x","article-title":"Daytime profile of the intraocular pressure and tear production in normal dog","volume":"12","author":"Giannetto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00525.x","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure in cats","volume":"10","author":"Del Sole","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688509017687","article-title":"Cervical ganglionectomy alters the circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure in New Zealand White rabbits","volume":"4","author":"Gregory","year":"1985","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199804000-00014","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-024-00905-8","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure","volume":"74","author":"Ikegami","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"bib10","first-page":"2912","article-title":"Twenty-four-hour pattern of intraocular pressure in the aging population","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001821","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2024-001821","article-title":"Comparing 24-hour IOP fluctuation slope curve between newly diagnosed ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12408","article-title":"Circadian intraocular pressure patterns in healthy subjects, primary open angle and normal tension glaucoma patients with a contact lens sensor","volume":"93","author":"Agnifili","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3668","article-title":"Twenty-four hour (Nyctohemeral) rhythm of intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure in normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"51","author":"Renard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010359","article-title":"Disruption of 24-Hour rhythm in intraocular pressure correlates with retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma","volume":"22","author":"Neroev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e063676","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063676","article-title":"Association of sleep behaviour and pattern with the risk of glaucoma: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2912410","article-title":"Circadian disruption in glaucoma: causes, consequences, and countermeasures","volume":"29","author":"Gubin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-3391-6-1","article-title":"Circadian rhythm dysfunction in glaucoma: a hypothesis","volume":"6","author":"Jean-Louis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Circadian Rhythms"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110533","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in ophthalmic diseases","volume":"259","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001402","article-title":"Circadian rhythm and glaucoma: what do we know?","volume":"29","author":"Ciulla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16449","article-title":"Analysis of circadian rhythm gene expression with reference to diurnal pattern of intraocular pressure in mice","volume":"56","author":"Dalvin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.3.26","article-title":"Circadian regulation of IOP rhythm by dual pathways of glucocorticoids and the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"61","author":"Ikegami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184790","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184790","article-title":"Light entrainment of the murine intraocular pressure circadian rhythm utilizes non-local mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0183","article-title":"Circadian intraocular pressure rhythm is generated by clock genes","volume":"47","author":"Maeda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03295-y","article-title":"Suppression of trabecular meshwork phagocytosis by norepinephrine is associated with nocturnal increase in intraocular pressure in mice","volume":"5","author":"Ikegami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"bib25","first-page":"1730","article-title":"Adrenergic decentralization modifies the circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure","volume":"28","author":"Braslow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib26","first-page":"523","article-title":"Ocular adrenergic nerves contribute to control of the circadian rhythm of aqueous flow in rabbits","volume":"32","author":"Yoshitomi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.2.53","article-title":"Circadian IOP rhythm in rats is driven by neural signals from the brain","volume":"67","author":"Zamitalo-Pomares","year":"2026","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06853-X","article-title":"Adrenergic pharmacology of aqueous humor dynamics","volume":"33","author":"Potter","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(85)90009-0","article-title":"Adrenergic receptor subtypes in rabbit iris-ciliary body membranes: classification by radioligand studies","volume":"40","author":"Mittag","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688509025168","article-title":"Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in isolated non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells","volume":"4","author":"Polansky","year":"1985","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.6.393","article-title":"Effects of adrenergic drugs on aqueous humour dynamics in the normal human eye. I. salbutamol","volume":"68","author":"Coakes","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90831-7","article-title":"Effects of alpha 1 and alpha 2 activation of adrenergic receptors on aqueous humor dynamics","volume":"32","author":"Chiou","year":"1983","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1989.71","article-title":"Review of alpha adrenoceptor function in the eye","volume":"3","author":"McAuliffe-Curtin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90206-6","article-title":"Physiology and pharmacology of aqueous humor inflow","volume":"29","author":"Green","year":"1984","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090040127046","article-title":"Effect of oxymetazoline on aqueous humor dynamics and ocular blood flow in monkeys and rabbits","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib36","first-page":"259","article-title":"Oxymetazoline: potential mechanisms of inhibitory effects on aqueous humor dynamics","volume":"53","author":"Chu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020020381023","article-title":"Influence of topically applied prazosin on the intraocular pressure of experimental animals","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020040491021","article-title":"Effect of prazosin on aqueous humor dynamics in rabbits","volume":"98","author":"Krupin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1159\/000265135","article-title":"Effect of timolol on aqueous humor dynamics in the rabbit","volume":"13","author":"Vareilles","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.07.015","article-title":"Effects of a topical alpha2 adrenergic agonist on ciliary blood flow and aqueous production in rabbits","volume":"82","author":"Reitsamer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688109019980","article-title":"Beta adrenergic effects on ciliary epithelial permeability, aqueous humor formation and pseudofacility in the normal and sympathectomized rabbit eye","volume":"1","author":"Green","year":"1981","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.0102","article-title":"Paradoxical effect of phentolamine on aqueous flow in the rabbit","volume":"23","author":"Kiel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1964.tb01593.x","article-title":"The action of sympathomimetic amines on the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye","volume":"23","author":"Eakins","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol Chemother"},{"key":"bib44","first-page":"201","article-title":"Ocular effects of selective alpha-adrenergic agents: a new drug paradox?","volume":"15","author":"Mittag","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-017-1896-3","article-title":"A wireless pressure sensor for continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure in conscious animals","volume":"45","author":"Bello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109757","article-title":"Characterization of intraocular pressure variability in conscious rats","volume":"239","author":"Nicou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib47","first-page":"966","article-title":"Continuous measurement of intraocular pressure in rabbits by telemetry","volume":"37","author":"McLaren","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7365","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7955","article-title":"24-hour IOP telemetry in the nonhuman primate: implant system performance and initial characterization of IOP at multiple timescales","volume":"52","author":"Downs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108727","article-title":"Effects of acute stress, general anesthetics, tonometry, and temperature on intraocular pressure in rats","volume":"210","author":"Nicou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1997.00559.x","article-title":"A prospective study of the effects of prolonged timolol therapy on alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor and angiotensin II receptor mediated responses in normal subjects","volume":"43","author":"Ferro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"bib51","first-page":"1118","article-title":"In vitro determination of the ability of drugs to bind to adrenergic receptors","volume":"16","author":"Neufeld","year":"1977","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1265","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad976","article-title":"DrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024","volume":"52","author":"Knox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0115701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115701","article-title":"Isoproterenol acts as a biased agonist of the alpha-1A-adrenoceptor that selectively activates the MAPK\/ERK pathway","volume":"10","author":"Copik","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42079-6","article-title":"Age-related changes in adrenergic alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta receptors of rat white fat cell membranes: an analysis using [3H]bunazosin as a novel ligand for the alpha 1 adrenoceptor","volume":"32","author":"Kobatake","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"bib56","first-page":"668","article-title":"Selective blockade of alpha 1-adrenoceptors of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells by bunazosin","volume":"39","author":"Nishimura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031316","article-title":"Effects of acute yohimbine hydrochloride supplementation on repeated supramaximal sprint performance","volume":"19","author":"Barnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.039057","article-title":"Yohimbine dimers exhibiting selectivity for the human alpha 2C-adrenoceptor subtype","volume":"303","author":"Lalchandani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198400282-00002","article-title":"Alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes properties, distribution and regulation","volume":"28","author":"Molinoff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"bib60","first-page":"2178","article-title":"Adrenergic mechanism in circadian elevation of intraocular pressure in rabbits","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0280332","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280332","article-title":"A portable feedback-controlled pump for monitoring eye outflow facility in conscious rats","volume":"18","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"bib62","first-page":"645","article-title":"Localization of beta receptors in the anterior segment of the rat eye by a fluorescent analogue of propranolol","volume":"17","author":"Lahav","year":"1978","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182121bae","article-title":"Low dose alpha-2 antagonist paradoxically enhances rat norepinephrine and clonidine analgesia","volume":"112","author":"Milne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.16.8.769.8988","article-title":"Effect of 5-methylurapidil, an alpha 1a-adrenergic antagonist and 5-hydroxytryptamine1a agonist, on aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys and rabbits","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90831-7","article-title":"Effects of a1 and a2 activation of adrenergic receptors on aqueous humor dynamics","volume":"32","author":"Chiou","year":"1983","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)31000-7","article-title":"Effects of apraclonidine on aqueous humor dynamics in human eyes","volume":"102","author":"Toris","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6069","article-title":"Assessment of aqueous humor dynamics in the mouse by a novel method of constant-flow infusion","volume":"52","author":"Millar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib68","first-page":"715","article-title":"Timolol reduces IOP in normal NZW rabbits during the dark only","volume":"31","author":"Gregory","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2005.21.436","article-title":"Continuous monitoring of circadian variations in intraocular pressure by telemetry system throughout a 12-week treatment with timolol maleate in rabbits","volume":"21","author":"Akaishi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"bib70","first-page":"3186","article-title":"Do alpha-adrenergic receptors participate in control of the circadian rhythm of IOP?","volume":"33","author":"Kiuchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688209020001","article-title":"Ocular hypertensive response to beta-adrenoceptor agonists","volume":"2","author":"Potter","year":"1982","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.142","article-title":"Topical phenylephrine decreases blood velocity in the optic nerve head and increases resistive index in the retinal arteries","volume":"23","author":"Takayama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.7.411","article-title":"Ocular responses in healthy subjects to topical bunazosin 0.3%\u2013an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist","volume":"75","author":"Trew","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200316100","article-title":"The alpha(1A\/C)- and alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptors are required for physiological cardiac hypertrophy in the double-knockout mouse","volume":"111","author":"O'Connell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H725","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00621.2020","article-title":"Cardiac alpha1A-adrenergic receptors: emerging protective roles in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"320","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1264605","article-title":"The role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of circadian intraocular pressure rhythm in mice","volume":"42","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0386","article-title":"Effect on diurnal intraocular pressure variation of eliminating the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes in the mouse","volume":"49","author":"Aihara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5641","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24785","article-title":"Adrenal and glucocorticoid effects on the circadian rhythm of murine intraocular pressure","volume":"59","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib79","first-page":"2707","article-title":"Nocturnal elevation of intraocular pressure in young adults","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-10873-7","article-title":"Influence of body position and time of day on ocular rhythms","volume":"15","author":"Ross","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8186","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10877","article-title":"24-hour intraocular pressure of young healthy humans in supine position: rhythm and reproducibility","volume":"53","author":"Mottet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s44323-026-00096-y","article-title":"Additive framework of hormonal waves explains species and age differences in circadian intraocular pressure rhythm","volume":"3","author":"Ikegami","year":"2026","journal-title":"NPJ Biol Timing Sleep"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2004.08.001","article-title":"Human pineal physiology and functional significance of melatonin","volume":"25","author":"Macchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front Neuroendrocrinol"},{"key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2019.106588","article-title":"Pupillary function test in rat: Establishment of imaging setup and pharmacological validation within modified Irwin test","volume":"99","author":"Himmel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"key":"bib85","first-page":"924","article-title":"Absence of an effect of timolol on the pupil","volume":"17","author":"Johnson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910060433007","article-title":"The mechanism of timolol in lowering intraocular pressure. In the normal eye","volume":"96","author":"Coakes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.03.436","article-title":"Effects of topical administration of timolol maleate on intraocular pressure and pupil size in cats","volume":"52","author":"Wilkie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.03.432","article-title":"Effects of topical administration of timolol maleate on intraocular pressure and pupil size in dogs","volume":"52","author":"Wilkie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"bib89","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Selective suppression by bunazosin of alpha-adrenergic agonist evoked elevation of intraocular pressure in sympathectomized rabbit eyes","volume":"34","author":"Nishimura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib90","first-page":"762","article-title":"Changes in intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics of normal human eyes after topical application of bunazosin hydrochloride","volume":"94","author":"Oshika","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"bib91","first-page":"746","article-title":"Ocular hypotensive effects of topically applied bunazosin, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker, in rabbits and cats","volume":"95","author":"Nishimura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"bib92","first-page":"273","article-title":"The effect of bunazosin hydrochloride on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in human","volume":"95","author":"Takagi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"bib53","volume-title":"Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology","author":"Whalen","year":"2019","edition":"7th ed."}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.11.41","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:19Z","timestamp":1791927139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.11.41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.11.41","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]}}}