{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:50:07Z","timestamp":1792590607808,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.12.39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:30:40Z","timestamp":1792589440000},"page":"39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Domestic Water Mineral Composition and Incident Glaucoma Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study From the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Yukun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuman","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangming","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: a review","volume":"311","author":"Weinreb","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.11.043","article-title":"How does glaucoma look? Patient perception of visual field loss","volume":"120","author":"Crabb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4915","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-28346","article-title":"The relationship between ambient atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and glaucoma in a large community cohort","volume":"60","author":"Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.12.22","article-title":"Association of ambient air pollution exposure with incident glaucoma: 12-year evidence from the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.45.4.291","article-title":"Acute closed angle glaucoma and sunshine","volume":"45","author":"Teikari","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21074-w","article-title":"The seasonality of acute attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma in Beijing, China","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117647","article-title":"Water quality and neurodegenerative disease risk in the middle-aged and elderly population","volume":"289","author":"Bao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"17","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12173255","article-title":"The relationship between mortality from cardiovascular diseases and total drinking water hardness: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Bykowska-Derda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"9127","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01402-0","article-title":"Atopic eczema and domestic water hardness","volume":"352","author":"McNally","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67008","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP13606","article-title":"Association of domestic water hardness with all-cause and cause-specific cancers: evidence from 447,996 UK Biobank participants","volume":"132","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"729","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf4428","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf4428","article-title":"Prospective study design and data analysis in UK Biobank","volume":"16","author":"Allen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21771","article-title":"The association between domestic hard water and eczema in adults from the UK Biobank cohort study","volume":"187","author":"Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091839","article-title":"Serum calcium level as a useful surrogate for risk of elevated intraocular pressure","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9038","article-title":"The association between glaucoma prevalence and supplementation with the oxidants calcium and iron","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-022-01946-3","article-title":"Calcium dysregulation potentiates wild-type myocilin misfolding: implications for glaucoma pathogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Saccuzzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biol Inorg Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.03.008","article-title":"Mitochondria: their role in ganglion cell death and survival in primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"90","author":"Osborne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac186","article-title":"Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke\u2014a population-based cohort study","volume":"116","author":"Helte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070032","article-title":"Calcium supplementation with calcium-rich mineral waters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its bioavailability","volume":"11","author":"Bohmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000201327","article-title":"High dose magnesium sulfate exposure induces apoptotic cell death in the developing neonatal mouse brain","volume":"96","author":"Dribben","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804630","article-title":"Primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"360","author":"Kwon","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100953","article-title":"Adaptive responses to neurodegenerative stress in glaucoma","volume":"84","author":"Calkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32834372b9","article-title":"Angle closure glaucoma: a mechanistic review","volume":"22","author":"Nongpiur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.025","article-title":"Lens vault, thickness, and position in Chinese subjects with angle closure","volume":"118","author":"Nongpiur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.178129","article-title":"Increased iris thickness and association with primary angle closure glaucoma","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"suppl 1)","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05910809","article-title":"Calcium metabolism in health and disease","volume":"5","author":"Peacock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.02.010","article-title":"Magnesium and cardiovascular disease","volume":"25","author":"Tangvoraphonkchai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09750913","article-title":"Renal control of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Blaine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.12.39","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:30:41Z","timestamp":1792589441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.12.39"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.12.39","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]}}}