{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:48:20Z","timestamp":1792673300778,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.12.51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:30:55Z","timestamp":1792672255000},"page":"51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Macrophage-Associated Profibrotic Programs in Diabetic Epiretinal Membrane and Their Modulation by Faricimab"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Soo Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Eon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahreum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunmi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyeop","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S97722","article-title":"Epiretinal membrane: optical coherence tomography-based diagnosis and classification","volume":"10","author":"Stevenson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.8.902","article-title":"Epiretinal pathology of vitreomacular traction syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Gandorfer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.07.012","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography findings in persistent diabetic macular edema: the vitreomacular interface","volume":"144","author":"Ghazi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.80","article-title":"Vitreous traction and epiretinal membranes in diabetic macular oedema using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"24","author":"Ophir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S146019","article-title":"Vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in diabetic macular edema and effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"11","author":"Kulikov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485059","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1485059","article-title":"Factors affecting intensive aflibercept treatment response in diabetic macular edema: a real-world study","volume":"2023","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57509-6","article-title":"Incidence and treatment outcomes of secondary epiretinal membrane following intravitreal injection for diabetic macular edema","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06695-4","article-title":"Emerging clinical evidence of a dual role for Ang-2 and VEGF-A blockade with faricimab in retinal diseases","volume":"263","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S231801","article-title":"Angiopoietins as potential targets in management of retinal disease","volume":"15","author":"Khanani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05492-7","article-title":"Cellular components of the idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"260","author":"da Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1082-x","article-title":"Involvement of Muller glial cells in epiretinal membrane formation","volume":"247","author":"Bringmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6506","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15971","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of idiopathic epiretinal membranes and in vitro studies on the effect of TGF-beta on Muller cells","volume":"56","author":"Bu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36917-9","article-title":"TGF-beta-SNAIL axis induces Muller glial-mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"9","author":"Kanda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15589","article-title":"Microarray analysis of gene expression in fibrovascular membranes excised from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"56","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2495","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.402","article-title":"Inflammatory macrophages can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts during renal fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","article-title":"Macrophages in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.10.018","article-title":"Normalization of tumor vessels by Tie2 activation and Ang2 inhibition enhances drug delivery and produces a favorable tumor microenvironment","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.08.002","article-title":"Tie2 identifies a hematopoietic lineage of proangiogenic monocytes required for tumor vessel formation and a mesenchymal population of pericyte progenitors","volume":"8","author":"De Palma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-13897","article-title":"Angiopoietin-1 suppresses choroidal neovascularization and vascular leakage","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15296","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15296","article-title":"Plastic roles of pericytes in the blood-retinal barrier","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062158","article-title":"Alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive perivascular cells in diabetic retina and choroid","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"203","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203ra127","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006666","article-title":"Angiopoietin-1 guides directional angiogenesis through integrin av\u00df5 signaling for recovery of ischemic retinopathy","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib23","first-page":"1304","article-title":"Effect of pulegone on the NLPR3 inflammasome during inflammatory activation of THP-1 cells","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05237-2","article-title":"Mdm1 ablation results in retinal degeneration by specific intraflagellar transport defects of photoreceptor cells","volume":"13","author":"Son","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02019-6","article-title":"Exosomal miR-184 in the aqueous humor of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy: a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02181191","article-title":"Demonstration of mononuclear phagocytes in a human epiretinal membrane using a monoclonal anti-human macrophage antibody","volume":"226","author":"Weller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.2.19","article-title":"Elevated M2 macrophage markers in epiretinal membranes with ectopic inner foveal layers","volume":"61","author":"Baek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","first-page":"366","article-title":"Effect of bevacizumab on the expression of fibrosis-related inflammatory mediators in ARPE-19 cells","volume":"10","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.127142","article-title":"Tractional retinal detachment following intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"92","author":"Arevalo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"23","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6828","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1114","article-title":"Tie2 expression on macrophages is required for blood vessel reconstruction and tumor relapse after chemotherapy","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-3181","article-title":"Tie2 receptor in tumor-infiltrating macrophages is dispensable for tumor angiogenesis and tumor relapse after chemotherapy","volume":"82","author":"Jakab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.06.002","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases","volume":"49","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5270","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-0012","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 regulates gene expression in TIE2-expressing monocytes and augments their inherent proangiogenic functions","volume":"70","author":"Coffelt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.12.51","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:30:56Z","timestamp":1792672256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.12.51"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.12.51","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]}}}