{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:02:49Z","timestamp":1791928969157,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.12.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:30:41Z","timestamp":1791203441000},"page":"8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time-, Location-, and Layer-Specific Chorioretinal Biomarkers in a Translational Large-Animal Porcine Model of Chorioretinal Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Niklas","family":"Junker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel Josua","family":"Olfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Geisweid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sto\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan Calder","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ruddeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob Michael","family":"R\u00f6dl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Stephan","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd Uwe","family":"Auffarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Aristide","family":"Augustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","first-page":"e000977","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion: a review of pathophysiological features and management","volume":"4","author":"Dagra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108240","article-title":"Visual outcomes of central retinal artery occlusion: exploring treatment strategies beyond the conventional time window","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.038","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion: visual outcome","volume":"140","author":"Hayreh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000366","article-title":"Management of central retinal artery occlusion: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"52","author":"Mac Grory","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-012-0202-9","article-title":"Treatment options for central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"15","author":"Cugati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11445","article-title":"Systemic prostaglandin E1 to treat acute central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"54","author":"Takai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-28","article-title":"Anterior chamber paracentesis after central retinal artery occlusion: a tenable therapy?","volume":"14","author":"Fie\u00df","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30758-0","article-title":"Efficacy of anterior chamber paracentesis and Carbogen in treating acute nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"102","author":"Atebara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","first-page":"71","article-title":"Efficacy of YAG laser embolysis in retinal artery occlusion","volume":"37","author":"Mehboob","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.09.027","article-title":"Outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for central retinal artery occlusion: a single center experience","volume":"269","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0282003","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282003","article-title":"Exploratory clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transdermal electrical stimulation in patients with central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"18","author":"Miura","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.049955","article-title":"Early thrombolysis and outcomes in central retinal artery occlusion: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.061","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion: local intra-arterial fibrinolysis versus conservative treatment, a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"117","author":"Schumacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00308-4","article-title":"Intravenous alteplase versus oral aspirin for acute central retinal artery occlusion within 4\u00b75 h of severe vision loss (THEIA): a multicentre, double-dummy, patient-blinded and assessor-blinded, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"24","author":"Pr\u00e9terre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2508515","article-title":"A randomized trial of tenecteplase in acute central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"394","author":"Ryan","year":"2026","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.64.11.818","article-title":"Experimental occlusion of the central artery of the retina. IV: Retinal tolerance time to acute ischaemia","volume":"64","author":"Hayreh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5209","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22411","article-title":"Retinal changes in different grades of retinal artery occlusion: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"58","author":"Furashova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-021-00323-7","article-title":"Internal limiting membrane detachment in acute central retinal artery occlusion: a novel prognostic sign seen on OCT","volume":"7","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.001","article-title":"Retinal and choroidal changes and visual outcome in central retinal artery occlusion: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"159","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e680","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14375","article-title":"Retinal oedema in central retinal artery occlusion develops as a function of time","volume":"98","author":"Ochakovski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14563","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-based determination of ischaemia onset \u2013 the temporal dynamics of retinal thickness increase in acute central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"99","author":"Wenzel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5527292","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5527292","article-title":"Determination of ischemia onset based on automatically generated Spectralis SD-OCT values in acute central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"2021","author":"Casagrande","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.02.023","article-title":"International Nomenclature for Optical Coherence Tomography (IN\u2022OCT) Panel. Proposed lexicon for anatomic landmarks in normal posterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the IN\u2022OCT consensus","volume":"121","author":"Staurenghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a041296","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041296","article-title":"Pig models in retinal research and retinal disease","volume":"14","author":"McCall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8490","article-title":"Electrophysiological findings in a porcine model of selective retinal capillary closure","volume":"53","author":"Luu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03230","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503230","article-title":"Methotrexate-loaded liposomal formulation enables 6-week sustained intraocular therapeutic drug release in a porcine model","volume":"15","author":"Hammer","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-025-10050-1","article-title":"An in-depth characterization of development-related electroretinographical and morphological changes in Landrace pigs","volume":"151","author":"Skrzypczyk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110733","article-title":"Increasing dark adaption times and ERG response in landrace pigs \u2013 an intraindividual comparison in 20 animals","volume":"262","author":"Ackermann","year":"2026","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1617-9","article-title":"The parameters of the porcine eyeball","volume":"249","author":"Sanchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.03.014","article-title":"The pig eye as a novel model of glaucoma","volume":"81","author":"Ruiz-Ederra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70069","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.70069","article-title":"The pig retina: insights from histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies","volume":"54","author":"Barhaiya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(92)90161-K","article-title":"Morphologic and clinical study of the retinal circulation in the miniature pig. A: Morphology of the retinal microvasculature","volume":"54","author":"Simoens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(92)90162-L","article-title":"Morphologic and clinical study of the retinal circulation in the miniature pig. B: fluorescein angiography of the retina","volume":"54","author":"De Schaepdrijver","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-17-000163","article-title":"Behavioral assessment of vision in pigs","volume":"57","author":"Barone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"1261","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1991.0025","article-title":"Degenerative and regenerative responses of injured neurons in the central nervous system of adult mammals","volume":"331","author":"Aguayo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3267","article-title":"Brn3a as a marker of retinal ganglion cells: qualitative and quantitative time course studies in naive and optic nerve-injured retinas","volume":"50","author":"Nadal-Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib37","first-page":"6","article-title":"Spontaneously occurring cardiovascular lesions in commonly used laboratory animals","volume":"5","author":"Herman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiooncology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1686_24","article-title":"Profile and outcomes of retinal artery occlusion: the underrealized need to expedite presentation","volume":"73","author":"Kadam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02616.x","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion: timing and mode of presentation","volume":"16","author":"Rudkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.01.086","article-title":"Histologic correlation of in vivo optical coherence tomography images of the human retina","volume":"141","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661938","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.661938","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cells\u2014diversity of cell types and clinical relevance","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.12.014","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cells","volume":"36","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S3361","article-title":"Hypoxia-ischemia and retinal ganglion cell damage","volume":"2","author":"Kaur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000345","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell loss precedes retinal nerve fiber thinning in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"36","author":"Akbari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00014-7","article-title":"Neuronal death in glaucoma","volume":"18","author":"Quigley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"50","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11817","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1810701115","article-title":"Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells control the information rate of the optic nerve","volume":"115","author":"Milosavljevic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121948","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in ocular diseases associated with retinal ganglion cells degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.07.001","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cells: energetics, compartmentation, axonal transport, cytoskeletons and vulnerability","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4056","article-title":"Paracentral acute middle maculopathy: a new variant of acute macular neuroretinopathy associated with retinal capillary ischemia","volume":"131","author":"Sarraf","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(75)90387-6","article-title":"Acute macular neuroretinopathy","volume":"80","author":"Bos","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31822f573a","article-title":"Early spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings in acute macular neuroretinopathy","volume":"32","author":"Baum\u00fcller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6112","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12376","article-title":"Angiography and multifocal electroretinography show that blood supply to the pig retina may be both ipsilateral and contralateral","volume":"54","author":"Mor\u00e9n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7628","article-title":"Endovascular coiling of the ophthalmic artery in pigs to induce retinal ischemia","volume":"52","author":"Mor\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5504","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3529","article-title":"The porcine retinal vasculature accessed using an endovascular approach: a new experimental model for retinal ischemia","volume":"50","author":"Mor\u00e9n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176304","article-title":"Vascular occlusion of the retina: an experimental model. I. Leukocyte aggregates","volume":"230","author":"Scheurer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176305","article-title":"Vascular occlusion of the retina\u2013an experimental model. II. Platelet aggregates","volume":"230","author":"Schroer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091241","article-title":"Suprachoroidal injection: a novel approach for targeted drug delivery","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"bib49","volume-title":"Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System","author":"Kolb","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.12.8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:24Z","timestamp":1791927144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.12.8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.12.8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]}}}