{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:02:12Z","timestamp":1791928932631,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.3.20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:30:36Z","timestamp":1773145836000},"page":"20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chitosan-Coated Silver\u2013Vancomycin Nanoparticles for Treatment of Bacterial Endophthalmitis"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"Kolge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhvinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00113-16","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis","volume":"30","author":"Durand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.1.115","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of endophthalmitis: incidence, predisposing factors, and features influencing outcome","volume":"162","author":"Shrader","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.12.001","article-title":"Bacterial endophthalmitis: therapeutic challenges and host-pathogen interactions","volume":"26","author":"Callegan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.03.010","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from the aqueous and vitreous humour in the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular micRoorganisms (ARMOR) Surveillance Study: 2009\u20132020 update","volume":"29","author":"Asbell","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100120009001","article-title":"A randomized trial of immediate vitrectomy and of intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Group","volume":"113","author":"Results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2024.07.014","article-title":"Do treatment patterns for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery follow the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study recommendations? An Academy IRIS Registry Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Tomaiuolo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-025-00640-1","article-title":"Postoperative endophthalmitis treatment with antibiotics associated or not with pars plana vitrectomy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Bergamo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2023.101218","article-title":"Consensus and controversies in the science of endophthalmitis management: basic research and clinical perspectives","volume":"97","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-025-04093-w","article-title":"Endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections at a tertiary center: real-life data on incidence, risk factors, management strategies, and visual outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Comcali","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2011.570847","article-title":"Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"26","author":"Moshfeghi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2010.02064.x","article-title":"Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments after intravitreal antivascular endothelial factor injections","volume":"89","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2014.959195","article-title":"Complications of subspecialty ophthalmic care: systemic complications from the intravitreal administration of agents that target the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway","volume":"29","author":"Ramsey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003773","article-title":"Alternative intravitreal antibiotics: a systematic review for consideration in recalcitrant or resistant endophthalmitis","volume":"43","author":"Velez-Montoya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.01.008","article-title":"Ocular delivery of proteins and peptides: challenges and novel formulation approaches","volume":"126","author":"Mandal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03134-w","article-title":"Sustained-release drug delivery systems","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01517-7","article-title":"Clinical analysis and predictive factors associated with improved visual acuity of infectious endophthalmitis","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.139","article-title":"A pH-tuned chitosan-PLGA nanocarrier for fluconazole delivery reduces toxicity and improves efficacy against resistant Candida","volume":"227","author":"Kolge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromolecules"},{"key":"bib19","first-page":"233","article-title":"An overview of nanoparticles in drug delivery: properties and applications","volume":"46","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"S Afr J Chem Eng"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12244494","article-title":"Nanoparticles in drug delivery: from history to therapeutic applications","volume":"12","author":"Afzal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"bib21","first-page":"38","article-title":"Strategic use of nanotechnology in drug targeting and its consequences on human health: a focused review","volume":"11","author":"Maurya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Interv Med Appl Sci"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4949","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29204949","article-title":"Precious cargo: the role of polymeric nanoparticles in the delivery of covalent drugs","volume":"29","author":"Weissberger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030533","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticles as a promising drug delivery carrier for topical ocular therapy\u2014an overview on recent advances","volume":"14","author":"Jacob","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2174\/1872211314666191224115211","article-title":"Nano-based drug delivery system: recent strategies for the treatment of ocular disease and future perspective","volume":"13","author":"Qamar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.14.75","article-title":"Advances in ophthalmic drug delivery","volume":"5","author":"Morrison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Deliv"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NA01086H","article-title":"Development and in vitro and ex vivo characterization of a twin nanoparticulate system to enhance ocular absorption and prolong retention of dexamethasone in the eye: from lab to pilot scale optimization","volume":"7","author":"Sarfraz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01974-4","article-title":"Next-generation nanomaterials: advancing ocular anti-inflammatory drug therapy","volume":"21","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13020265","article-title":"Activity of colloidal silver solution against microorganisms implicated in ocular infections","volume":"13","author":"Blanco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.11.145","article-title":"Commercial soft contact lenses engineered with zwitterionic silver nanoparticles for effectively treating microbial keratitis","volume":"610","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7397","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM01346D","article-title":"Zwitterionic silver nanoparticle based antibacterial eye drops for efficient therapy of bacterial keratitis","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-025-03100-z","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles: approaches to preparation, key properties, drug delivery systems, and developments in therapeutic efficacy","volume":"26","author":"Obeidat","year":"2025","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2004.09.007","article-title":"Preparation and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles","volume":"339","author":"Qi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"bib34","first-page":"385","article-title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods","volume":"9","author":"Iravani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"key":"bib35","first-page":"2099","article-title":"Nanoparticles targeting ferroptosis: a novel therapy for bacterial endophthalmitis","volume":"65","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib36","first-page":"2","article-title":"Box-Behnken designed fluconazole loaded chitosan nanoparticles for ocular delivery","volume":"3","author":"Chopra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Drug Deliv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib37","first-page":"12","article-title":"Release kinetics\u2014concepts and applications","volume":"8","author":"Paarakh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res Technol"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21502","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21502","article-title":"Temporal retinal transcriptome and systems biology analysis identifies key pathways and hub genes in Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis","volume":"6","author":"Rajamani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0025222","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00252-22","article-title":"Butyrate ameliorates intraocular bacterial infection by promoting autophagy and attenuating the inflammatory response","volume":"91","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2023.106806","article-title":"Untargeted and temporal analysis of retinal lipidome in bacterial endophthalmitis","volume":"171","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.14.5","article-title":"Aging, but not sex and genetic diversity, impacts the pathobiology of bacterial endophthalmitis","volume":"61","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0018325","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00183-25","article-title":"Proteomic profiling reveals immunomodulatory role of IL-33 in ocular bacterial and fungal infections","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.2013006618","article-title":"Muller glia in retinal innate immunity: a perspective on their roles in endophthalmitis","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7089","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100565","article-title":"TLR2 mediates the innate response of retinal muller glia to Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"186","author":"Shamsuddin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29830","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029830","article-title":"Retinal Muller glia initiate innate response to infectious stimuli via toll-like receptor signaling","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2023.101218","article-title":"Consensus and controversies in the science of endophthalmitis management: basic research and clinical perspectives","volume":"97","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1155\/MBD.1994.467","article-title":"Antibacterial silver","volume":"1","author":"Clement","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metal Based Drugs"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9040181","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of silver-treated bacteria against other multi-drug resistant pathogens in their environment","volume":"9","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70258-0","article-title":"Antibiotics for gram-positive bacterial infections. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, quinupristin\/dalfopristin, and linezolid","volume":"14","author":"Lundstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"bib50","first-page":"5876","article-title":"Nanoparticle-mediated extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) neutralization as adjunctive therapy in experimental bacterial endophthalmitis","volume":"66","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010322","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00103-22","article-title":"Essential role of NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating IL-1beta production and the pathobiology of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis","volume":"90","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.10.004","article-title":"A contemporary concept of the blood-aqueous barrier","volume":"32","author":"Freddo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16330","article-title":"The blood\u2013retina barrier in health and disease","volume":"290","author":"O'Leary","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.3.1.45","article-title":"Drug delivery to the retina: challenges and opportunities","volume":"3","author":"Duvvuri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.07.028","article-title":"Selective drug delivery to the retinal cells: biological barriers and avenues","volume":"361","author":"Ramsay","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"bib56","first-page":"e01537","article-title":"Isavuconazole for treatment of experimental fungal endophthalmitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"62","author":"Guest John","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084153","article-title":"Crossing the blood-brain barrier: advances in nanoparticle technology for drug delivery in neuro-oncology","volume":"23","author":"Hersh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1515\/medgen-2024-2058","article-title":"Nanoparticles in intraocular drug delivery","volume":"37","author":"Klaus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medizinische Genetik"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S190502","article-title":"Natamycin solid lipid nanoparticles\u2014sustained ocular delivery system of higher corneal penetration against deep fungal keratitis: preparation and optimization","volume":"14","author":"Khames","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"bib60","first-page":"390","article-title":"Nanoparticles in the ocular drug delivery","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00005-2","article-title":"Antibiotic selection in the treatment of endophthalmitis: the significance of drug combinations and synergy","volume":"41","author":"Roth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060060117045","article-title":"Intravitreal vancomycin: retinal toxicity, clearance, and interaction with gentamicin","volume":"105","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.11.042","article-title":"Vancomycin-associated hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis: clinical characteristics of 36 eyes","volume":"124","author":"Witkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00486","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00486-24","article-title":"Insights into the molecular basis of reduced vancomycin susceptibility among three prominent Staphylococcus aureus clonal complexes","volume":"12","author":"Malachowa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectrum"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10081804","article-title":"Intracellular habitation of Staphylococcus aureus: molecular mechanisms and prospects for antimicrobial therapy","volume":"10","author":"Hommes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13664","article-title":"Targeting the hard to reach: challenges and novel strategies in the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections","volume":"174","author":"Kamaruzzaman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220012","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20220012","article-title":"Bacterial infection microenvironment-responsive porous microspheres by microfluidics for promoting anti-infective therapy","volume":"1","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Smart Med"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.03.006","article-title":"The acid response network of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"55","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpta.2024.100515","article-title":"Chitosan-based pH-sensitive semi-interpenetrating network nanoparticles as a sustained release matrix for anticancer drug delivery","volume":"7","author":"Shikuku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technol Applications"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0385","article-title":"Bacterial growth in human vitreous humor","volume":"65","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15020194","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles against staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates","volume":"15","author":"Attallah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2013.858195","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles for daptomycin delivery in ocular treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis","volume":"22","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1080\/17435889.2025.2571060","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: a new frontier in ophthalmic innovation and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5956","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c05857","article-title":"Plasmonic contact lenses based on silver nanoparticles for blue light protection","volume":"7","author":"Elsherif","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl Nano Mater"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04963-w","article-title":"Oral administration of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) provides anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects during ocular bacterial infections","volume":"80","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100277","article-title":"Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics identifies itaconate as an adjunct therapy to treat ocular bacterial infection","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"bib77","first-page":"3792","article-title":"Parthanatos: a new way of retinal cell death in endophthalmitis","volume":"64","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02128-w","article-title":"The immunomodulatory effect of silver nanoparticles in a retinal inflammatory environment","volume":"48","author":"Palacka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"bib1","first-page":"2023","article-title":"Bacterial Endophthalmitis","author":"Mahabadi"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-29273-6.00015-1","article-title":"Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for ocular fungal infections: advances, challenges, and future directions","volume-title":"Nanotechnology Applications for the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Treatment of Fungal Diseases","author":"Kolge","year":"2026"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.3.20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:15Z","timestamp":1791927135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.3.20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.3.20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]}}}