{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:02:46Z","timestamp":1791928966862,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.3.49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:30:53Z","timestamp":1774269053000},"page":"49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 as a Mediator and Therapeutic Target in Innate Immune-Driven Corneal Stromal Inflammation and Opacity"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Seung Hyeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong-si, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chung-Ang Ocular Surface Restoration through Immune Regulation and Inflammation Attenuation (CORIA) Laboratory, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chung-Ang University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung-Ang Ocular Surface Restoration through Immune Regulation and Inflammation Attenuation (CORIA) Laboratory, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young In","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahra","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung-Ang Ocular Surface Restoration through Immune Regulation and Inflammation Attenuation (CORIA) Laboratory, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunyoung","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung-Ang Ocular Surface Restoration through Immune Regulation and Inflammation Attenuation (CORIA) Laboratory, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chung-Ang University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Ho","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Hean","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung-Ang Ocular Surface Restoration through Immune Regulation and Inflammation Attenuation (CORIA) Laboratory, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000099253","article-title":"Immune privilege and angiogenic privilege of the cornea","volume":"92","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem Immunol Allergy"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620284","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.620284","article-title":"Resident innate immune cells in the cornea","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"bib3","first-page":"2264","article-title":"Identification of a novel macrophage population in the normal mouse corneal stroma","volume":"43","author":"Brissette-Storkus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12995","article-title":"A novel association between resident tissue macrophages and nerves in the peripheral stroma of the murine cornea","volume":"55","author":"Seyed-Razavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101105","article-title":"Neuroimmune crosstalk in the cornea: the role of immune cells in corneal nerve maintenance during homeostasis and inflammation","volume":"91","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3475","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0343","article-title":"Microarray studies reveal macrophage-like function of stromal keratocytes in the cornea","volume":"45","author":"Chakravarti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.9.49","article-title":"Efferocytosis by macrophages attenuates inflammatory responses following ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in corneal stromal cells","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010092","article-title":"The phagocytic function of macrophage-enforcing innate immunity and tissue homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Hirayama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3324","article-title":"New insights into the multidimensional concept of macrophage ontogeny, activation and function","volume":"17","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2741\/2692","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"13","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0504272","article-title":"Functional plasticity of macrophages: reversible adaptation to changing microenvironments","volume":"76","author":"Stout","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59643","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas","volume":"122","author":"Sica","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.10.003","article-title":"Molecular and epigenetic basis of macrophage polarized activation","volume":"27","author":"Porta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.015","article-title":"Establishment and maintenance of the macrophage niche","volume":"52","author":"Guilliams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"bib16","first-page":"723\u2013737 e727","article-title":"Microglial function is distinct in different anatomical locations during retinal homeostasis and degeneration","volume":"50","author":"O'Koren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.011","article-title":"C-Myb(+) erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived fetal monocytes give rise to adult tissue-resident macrophages","volume":"42","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.024","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophage ontogeny and homeostasis","volume":"44","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26800","article-title":"EGF-conditioned M1 macrophages convey reduced inflammation into corneal endothelial cells through exosomes","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15325","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R700002200","article-title":"Triggering the innate antiviral response through IRF-3 activation","volume":"282","author":"Hiscott","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803936115","article-title":"Revisiting the role of IRF3 in inflammation and immunity by conditional and specifically targeted gene ablation in mice","volume":"115","author":"Yanai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900217","article-title":"IRF3 signaling within the mouse stroma influences sepsis pathogenesis","volume":"206","author":"Heipertz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000771","article-title":"STING and TRIF contribute to mouse sepsis, depending on severity of the disease model","volume":"47","author":"Heipertz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601069","article-title":"IFN regulatory factor 3 potentiates emphysematous aggravation by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"198","author":"Ishii","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4428","article-title":"IRF3 and type I interferons fuel a fatal response to myocardial infarction","volume":"23","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86080","article-title":"IRF3 promotes adipose inflammation and insulin resistance and represses browning","volume":"126","author":"Kumari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74413-5","article-title":"Efficacy of epidermal growth factor in suppressing inflammation and proliferation in pterygial fibroblasts through interactions with microenvironmental M1 macrophages","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3390\/v5010295","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune response to pneumonia virus of mice in a resistant and a susceptible mouse strain","volume":"5","author":"Watkiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.11.31","article-title":"Evaluation of susceptibility and innate immune response in C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c mice during candida albicans endophthalmitis","volume":"61","author":"Rottmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-134056","article-title":"Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis: concurrence and\/or dependence? Studies in inbred mouse strains","volume":"24","author":"Nakao","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070070051034","article-title":"Wound healing after excimer laser keratomileusis (photorefractive keratectomy) in monkeys","volume":"108","author":"Fantes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02868.x","article-title":"Turnover of bone marrow-derived cells in the irradiated mouse cornea","volume":"125","author":"Chinnery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00312-3","article-title":"Differential regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA stability by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in human in vitro differentiated macrophages","volume":"59","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(02)00033-9","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates interleukin-6 upregulation by vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) in vitro and in vivo","volume":"187","author":"Moon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893106","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/893106","article-title":"The multifaceted functions of CXCL10 in cardiovascular disease","volume":"2014","author":"van den Borne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1159\/000357780","article-title":"The biological functions, structure and sources of CXCL10 and its outstanding part in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Vazirinejad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06784-x","article-title":"CXCL10 is produced in hepatitis A virus-infected cells in an IRF3-dependent but IFN-independent manner","volume":"7","author":"Sung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01976.x","article-title":"Signal transduction by the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor-4","volume":"113","author":"Palsson-McDermott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.6.35","article-title":"M2a macrophage-dominant microenvironment in inflammation attenuation and wound healing of human corneal endothelial cells","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25487","article-title":"Vimentin as a marker of early differentiating, highly motile corneal epithelial cells","volume":"232","author":"Castro-Mu\u00f1ozledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680802607732","article-title":"Expression of fibroblast activation proteins in corneal stromal neovascularization","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41334-1","article-title":"Therapeutic potential and molecular targets of piceatannol in chronic diseases","volume":"928","author":"Surh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200405000-00012","article-title":"Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced interferon regulatory factor 3 activation and protection from septic shock by hydroxystilbenes","volume":"21","author":"Dang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2237236100","article-title":"IFN-regulatory factor 3-dependent gene expression is defective in Tbk1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts","volume":"101","author":"McWhirter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00798-9","article-title":"Regulation of adipogenic differentiation and adipose tissue inflammation by interferon regulatory factor 3","volume":"28","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07201","article-title":"Origin and physiological roles of inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.12.002","article-title":"CXCL10 and autoimmune diseases","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7510","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12453","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor-1 in flagellin-induced reprogramming: potential protective role of CXCL10 in cornea innate defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"54","author":"Yoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19884","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320145110","article-title":"Beneficial innate signaling interference for antibacterial responses by a Toll-like receptor-mediated enhancement of the MKP-IRF3 axis","volume":"110","author":"Negishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.5A0717-302","article-title":"A novel function of CXCL10 in mediating monocyte production of proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"102","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2015.10.011","article-title":"TLR2 and TLR4 mediated host immune responses in major infectious diseases: a review","volume":"20","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"bib15","article-title":"The cornea harbors a tricellular neuro-immune niche that underpins touch sensation [published online ahead of print August 1, 2025]","author":"Littleton","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.3.49","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:21Z","timestamp":1791927141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.3.49"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.3.49","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]}}}