{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:44:53Z","timestamp":1791942293836,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":272,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.4.16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:30:45Z","timestamp":1775655045000},"page":"16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Age-Related Neurovascular Dysfunction in the Retina and Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Yanchi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuchen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"10386","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02609-5","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"401","author":"Guymer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2022.101157","article-title":"Proteostasis in aging-associated ocular disease","volume":"88","author":"Weinberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.5840","article-title":"Population prevalence of vision impairment in US adults 71 years and older: the national health and aging trends study","volume":"141","author":"Killeen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721033115","article-title":"Human aging and disease: lessons from age-related macular degeneration","volume":"115","author":"Luu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101273","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology in the Retina","volume":"101","author":"Gaire","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e919","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14088","article-title":"Quantitative choriocapillaris evaluation in intermediate age-related macular degeneration by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"97","author":"Vujosevic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.4.20","article-title":"Vascular changes in intermediate age-related macular degeneration quantified using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"8","author":"Trinh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.11.4","article-title":"Impairment of neurovascular function in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Bui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.11.023","article-title":"Layer-specific anatomical and physiological features of the retina's neurovascular unit","volume":"35","author":"Grimes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1672","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140195","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0195","article-title":"Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina by release of gliotransmitters","volume":"370","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1095","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15028","article-title":"Age and signal strength-related changes in vessel density in the choroid and the retina: an OCT angiography study of the macula and optic disc","volume":"100","author":"Dastiridou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330305","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cells in Alzheimer's disease and aging","volume":"33","author":"Curcio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-01076-4","article-title":"Retinal capillary degeneration and blood-retinal barrier disruption in murine models of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"22","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14104","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214104","article-title":"An altered neurovascular system in aging-related eye diseases","volume":"23","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"362","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362ra144","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf9440","article-title":"Senescence-associated secretory phenotype contributes to pathological angiogenesis in retinopathy","volume":"8","author":"Oubaha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe","volume":"186","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.311378","article-title":"Mechanisms of vascular aging","volume":"123","author":"Ungvari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.05.010","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction as in aging and glaucoma","volume":"19","author":"Osborne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.024","article-title":"Metabolic signature of the aging eye in mice","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45044-1","article-title":"Mitophagy curtails cytosolic mtDNA-dependent activation of cGAS\/STING inflammation during aging","volume":"15","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Loygorri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2311028121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311028121","article-title":"Senolytic and senomorphic agent procyanidin C1 alleviates structural and functional decline in the aged retina","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101062","article-title":"Interpretable aging signatures in human retinal cell types revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing and sparse logistic regression","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109645","article-title":"M\u00fcller cell vulnerability in aging human retina: implications on photoreceptor cell survival","volume":"235","author":"Nag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.02.004","article-title":"Localization of 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal immunoreactivity in aging human retinal M\u00fcller cells","volume":"193","author":"Nag","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02315-8","article-title":"TRPV4-induced M\u00fcller cell gliosis and TNF-a elevation-mediated retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucomatous rats via JAK2\/STAT3\/NF-?B pathway","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804782","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.804782","article-title":"Microglia: key players in retinal ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2019.06.007","article-title":"Age-related changes of the human retinal vessels: possible involvement of lipid peroxidation","volume":"226","author":"Nag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632015615592","article-title":"Age and diabetes related changes of the retinal capillaries: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study","volume":"29","author":"Bianchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00906-w","article-title":"Endothelial senescence in vascular diseases: current understanding and future opportunities in senotherapeutics","volume":"55","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040817","article-title":"Aging in ocular blood vessels: molecular insights and the role of oxidative stress","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00571-7","article-title":"Common features of neurodegenerative disease: exploring the brain-eye connection and beyond (part 2): the 2021 pre-symposium of the 15th international conference on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases","volume":"17","author":"Rossi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-02033","article-title":"Age-related driving mechanisms of retinal diseases and neuroprotection by transcription factor EB-targeted therapy","volume":"20","author":"Abokyi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19998","article-title":"Blood vessel basement membrane alterations in human retinal microaneurysms during aging","volume":"58","author":"L\u00f3pez-Luppo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.002","article-title":"The neuronal organization of the retina","volume":"76","author":"Masland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23727","article-title":"Glia of the human retina","volume":"68","author":"Reichenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021120","article-title":"The healthy and diseased retina seen through neuron-glia interactions","volume":"25","author":"Tempone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-05024-y","article-title":"Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration","volume":"81","author":"Llori\u00e1n-Salvador","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15296","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15296","article-title":"Plastic roles of pericytes in the blood-retinal barrier","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.6.821","article-title":"M\u00fcller cell cone, an overlooked part of the anatomy of the fovea centralis: hypotheses concerning its role in the pathogenesis of macular hole and foveomacualr retinoschisis","volume":"117","author":"Gass","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.05.003","article-title":"M\u00fcller cells in the healthy and diseased retina","volume":"25","author":"Bringmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.12.004","article-title":"M\u00fcller glial cells of the primate foveola: an electron microscopical study","volume":"167","author":"Syrbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib42","first-page":"2511","article-title":"Expression profiles of nestin and synemin in reactive astrocytes and M\u00fcller cells following retinal injury: a comparison with glial fibrillar acidic protein and vimentin","volume":"16","author":"Luna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006","article-title":"The primate fovea: structure, function and development","volume":"66","author":"Bringmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2024.09.010","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell circuits and glial interactions in humans and mice","volume":"47","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.05.006","article-title":"Retinal microglia - a key player in healthy and diseased retina","volume":"173","author":"Rathnasamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.10.003","article-title":"Immune regulation in the aging retina","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02659-9","article-title":"Models of microglia depletion and replenishment elicit protective effects to alleviate vascular and neuronal damage in the diabetic murine retina","volume":"19","author":"Church","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102142","article-title":"Ferroptosis in the ageing retina: a malevolent fire of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.013","article-title":"Variation in optic nerve and macular structure with age and race with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"118","author":"Girkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.09.013","article-title":"Differential effects of aging in the macular retinal layers, neuroretinal rim, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer","volume":"127","author":"Chauhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31692","article-title":"CX3CR1-dependent subretinal microglia cell accumulation is associated with cardinal features of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"117","author":"Combadi\u00e8re","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732820","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.732820","article-title":"The \u201cneuro-glial-vascular\u201d unit: the role of glia in neurovascular unit formation and dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Kugler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201503115","article-title":"M\u00fcller glia provide essential tensile strength to the developing retina","volume":"210","author":"MacDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-025-00626-z","article-title":"Kidins220-deficient hydrocephalus mice exhibit altered glial phenotypes and AQP4 differential regulation in the retina and optic nerve, with preserved retinal ganglion cell survival","volume":"22","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Albarral","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2013","article-title":"Physiological roles of aquaporin-4 in brain","volume":"93","author":"Nagelhus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14092","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814092","article-title":"The expression of major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein2a (Mfsd2a) and aquaporin 4 is altered in the retinas of a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"24","author":"Jovanovic Macura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2023.104508","article-title":"Age-related alterations in retinal capillary function","volume":"148","author":"Allaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.14.25","article-title":"Associations between retinal microvasculature, orbital blood flow, and cerebral blood flow in healthy adults","volume":"66","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215916","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215916","article-title":"Age-related changes of the retinal microvasculature","volume":"14","author":"Orlov","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108879","article-title":"Age dependence of retinal vascular plexus attenuation in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"214","author":"Nazari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.04.004","article-title":"Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and disease","volume":"31","author":"Kur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.06.002","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases","volume":"49","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-024-09911-1","article-title":"Microglia in retinal angiogenesis and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"issue":"7494","key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13165","article-title":"Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease","volume":"508","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0761-z","article-title":"Retinal ischemia induces a-SMA-mediated capillary pericyte contraction coincident with perivascular glycogen depletion","volume":"7","author":"Alarcon-Martinez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"7823","key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2589-x","article-title":"Interpericyte tunnelling nanotubes regulate neurovascular coupling","volume":"585","author":"Alarcon-Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.4.212","article-title":"The ophthalmic artery: III. Branches","volume":"46","author":"Hayreh","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00416866","article-title":"The long posterior ciliary arteries. An experimental study","volume":"192","author":"Hayreh","year":"1974","journal-title":"Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol,"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.59.11.631","article-title":"Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature","volume":"59","author":"Hayreh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30930-X","article-title":"Vortex vein exit sites. Scleral coordinates","volume":"102","author":"Lim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02416-z","article-title":"Uveal vascular bed in health and disease: uveal vascular bed anatomy. Paper 1 of 2","volume":"37","author":"Hayreh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.39","article-title":"In vivo choroidal circulation and its watershed zones","volume":"4","author":"Hayreh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000309127","article-title":"Controversies on submacular choroidal circulation","volume":"183","author":"Hayreh","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.03.019","article-title":"Imaging of cellular aging in human retinal blood vessels","volume":"135","author":"Catita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11194","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900756R","article-title":"The effects of endothelium-specific CYP2J2 overexpression on the attenuation of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in a glaucoma rat model","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100828","article-title":"Assessment of choriocapillaris in healthy and diseased eyes using 3-dimensional topographic maps based on OCT angiography","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.14.7.21","article-title":"Regional and layer specific retinal capillary red blood cell velocimetry in healthy human subjects","volume":"14","author":"Aman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.1.60","article-title":"Retinal and choriocapillaris thickness and age in macaques in development and aging","volume":"67","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"50","key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19400","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005949","article-title":"Bisretinoids mediate light sensitivity resulting in photoreceptor cell degeneration in mice lacking the receptor tyrosine kinase Mer","volume":"293","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"47","key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100122118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100122118","article-title":"Lipofuscin causes atypical necroptosis through lysosomal membrane permeabilization","volume":"118","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31820376cc","article-title":"Protein aggregation in the aging retina","volume":"70","author":"Leger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01149-y","article-title":"Early alterations of neurovascular unit in the retina in mouse models of tauopathy","volume":"9","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib83","first-page":"24","article-title":"Immunoreactivity against tau, amyloid precursor protein, and beta-amyloid in the human retina","volume":"36","author":"L\u00f6ffler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07683-6","article-title":"Neuroretinal and microvascular retinal features in dementia with Lewy body assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"46","author":"Albanese","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010180","article-title":"Age-related changes of the synucleins profile in the mouse retina","volume":"13","author":"Dias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2168","article-title":"Intracellular amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"LaFerla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02548-2","article-title":"Retinal pathological features and proteome signatures of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"145","author":"Koronyo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13127","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013127","article-title":"Viewing ageing eyes: diverse sites of amyloid Beta accumulation in the ageing mouse retina and the up-regulation of macrophages","volume":"5","author":"Hoh Kam","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01423-w","article-title":"Amyloid \u00df oligomer induces cerebral vasculopathy via pericyte-mediated endothelial dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01753-w","article-title":"Inhibiting Ca(2+) channels in Alzheimer's disease model mice relaxes pericytes, improves cerebral blood flow and reduces immune cell stalling and hypoxia","volume":"27","author":"Korte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.145","article-title":"Functional hyperemia and mechanisms of neurovascular coupling in the retinal vasculature","volume":"33","author":"Newman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0667","article-title":"Age, blood pressure, and vessel diameter as factors influencing the arterial retinal flicker response","volume":"45","author":"Nagel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102446","article-title":"Senescence-associated microvascular endothelial dysfunction: a focus on the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"536","key":"bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw3210","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw3210","article-title":"An ocular glymphatic clearance system removes \u00df-amyloid from the rodent eye","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106322","article-title":"Age- and glaucoma-induced changes to the ocular glymphatic system","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.04.010","article-title":"Perivascular neurons instruct 3D vascular lattice formation via neurovascular contact","volume":"187","author":"Toma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.07.040","article-title":"Dopamine signaling from ganglion cells directs layer-specific angiogenesis in the retina","volume":"33","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116550","article-title":"Microglia in retinal diseases: from pathogenesis towards therapeutic strategies","volume":"230","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14787-y","article-title":"Microglia control vascular architecture via a TGF\u00df1 dependent paracrine mechanism linked to tissue mechanics","volume":"11","author":"Dudiki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.11.001","article-title":"Retinal vasculature development in health and disease","volume":"63","author":"Selvam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5502","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1354-05.2005","article-title":"Calcium increases in retinal glial cells evoked by light-induced neuronal activity","volume":"25","author":"Newman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.07.002","article-title":"Visually evoked hemodynamical response and assessment of neurovascular coupling in the optic nerve and retina","volume":"24","author":"Riva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"26","key":"bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadx2941","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx2941","article-title":"Revealing neurovascular coupling at a high spatial and temporal resolution in the living human retina","volume":"11","author":"Sen\u00e9e","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/sj\/eye\/6700100","article-title":"Effect of senescence on ocular blood flow in the retina, neuroretinal rim and lamina cribrosa, using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry","volume":"16","author":"Embleton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib105","first-page":"3609","article-title":"Effect of aging on retinal macular microcirculation: a blue field simulation study","volume":"34","author":"Grunwald","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.13.26","article-title":"Impact of aging and light stimulation parameters on retinal hyperemia responses in functional optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28791","article-title":"Microvascular breakdown due to retinal neurodegeneration in ataxias","volume":"37","author":"Turski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(99)00086-7","article-title":"Histologic and morphometric analysis of the choroid, Bruch's membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium in postmortem eyes with age-related macular degeneration and histologic examination of surgically excised choroidal neovascular membranes","volume":"44","author":"Spraul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(77)90241-X","article-title":"The effect of sympathetic stimulation on blood flow through the uvea, retina and optic nerve in monkeys (Macacca irus)","volume":"25","author":"Alm","year":"1977","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00790-0","article-title":"Sympathetic vasoconstriction in the rat anterior choroid is mediated by alpha1-adrenoceptors","volume":"363","author":"Kawarai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib111","first-page":"2110","article-title":"Nitric oxide as a mediator of parasympathetic vasodilation in ocular and extraocular tissues in the rabbit","volume":"37","author":"Nilsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib112","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide intrinsic choroidal neurons in human choroidal whole-mounts","volume":"23","author":"de Hoz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.004","article-title":"Bright light activates a trigeminal nociceptive pathway","volume":"149","author":"Okamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0972","article-title":"Age-related decline in VIP-positive parasympathetic nerve fibers in the human submacular choroid","volume":"48","author":"Jablonski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523801182143","article-title":"Functional and morphological assessment of age-related changes in the choroid and outer retina in pigeons","volume":"18","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.03.008","article-title":"Anatomical and functional evidence for progressive age-related decline in parasympathetic control of choroidal blood flow in pigeons","volume":"81","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00078-y","article-title":"Age-related impairment of neurovascular coupling responses: a dynamic vessel analysis (DVA)-based approach to measure decreased flicker light stimulus-induced retinal arteriolar dilation in healthy older adults","volume":"41","author":"Lipecz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30662-3","article-title":"Influence of age on retinal and optic nerve head blood circulation","volume":"103","author":"Groh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110363","article-title":"Aging affects retinal oxygen and blood flow metrics in mice","volume":"255","author":"Abdolahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ix","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.34","article-title":"Retinal metabolism and the choroidal circulation","volume":"4","author":"Foulds","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.01.018","article-title":"Retinal degeneration and local oxygen metabolism","volume":"80","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib122","first-page":"3117","article-title":"Metabolic dependence of photoreceptors on the choroid in the normal and detached retina","volume":"41","author":"Linsenmeier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.8.40","article-title":"Choriocapillaris impairment, visual function, and distance to fovea in aging and age-related macular degeneration: ALSTAR2 baseline","volume":"65","author":"Kar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0266684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266684","article-title":"Effects of aging and exercise habits on blood flow profile of the ocular circulation","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19727","article-title":"Senescence increases choroidal endothelial stiffness and susceptibility to complement injury: implications for choriocapillaris loss in AMD","volume":"57","author":"Cabrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-08028-7","article-title":"HIF1 activity in photoreceptors drives type 3 neovascularization and retinal atrophy in a new mouse model of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Geiger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.100803","article-title":"Interactions of the choroid, Bruch's membrane, retinal pigment epithelium, and neurosensory retina collaborate to form the outer blood-retinal-barrier","volume":"76","author":"Fields","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16330","article-title":"The blood-retina barrier in health and disease","volume":"290","author":"O'Leary","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000757","article-title":"Delayed gadolinium leakage in ocular structures: a potential marker for age- and vascular risk factor-related small vessel disease?","volume":"56","author":"Galmiche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.021","article-title":"Altered pericyte-endothelial relations in the rat retina during aging: implications for vessel stability","volume":"27","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680601073451","article-title":"Inflammation and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier during \"physiological aging\" in the rat retina: a model for CNS aging","volume":"14","author":"Chan-Ling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00800-9","article-title":"Genetic context modulates aging and degeneration in the murine retina","volume":"20","author":"Marola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010211","article-title":"Tight junctions of the outer blood retina barrier","volume":"21","author":"Naylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21662","article-title":"How autophagy can restore proteostasis defects in multiple diseases?","volume":"40","author":"Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2024386","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20240386","article-title":"Transport of \u00df-amyloid from brain to eye causes retinal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"221","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14803","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14803","article-title":"Advances in the study of the glymphatic system and aging","volume":"30","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.05.085","article-title":"Elevated amyloid \u00df production in senescent retinal pigment epithelium, a possible mechanism of subretinal deposition of amyloid \u00df in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"423","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.10.010","article-title":"Age-dependent decline of neprilysin in Alzheimer's disease and normal brain: inverse correlation with A beta levels","volume":"29","author":"Hellstr\u00f6m-Lindahl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.06.013","article-title":"Age- and region-dependent alterations in Abeta-degrading enzymes: implications for Abeta-induced disorders","volume":"26","author":"Caccamo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70161","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70161","article-title":"Senescence alters antimicrobial peptide expression and induces amyloid-\u00df production in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181afe475","article-title":"Neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme levels are increased in Alzheimer disease in relation to disease severity","volume":"68","author":"Miners","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.179057","article-title":"BACE1 in the retina: a sensitive biomarker for monitoring early pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.04.013","article-title":"Microglia during development and aging","volume":"139","author":"Harry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.056","article-title":"LC3- associated endocytosis facilitates \u00df-amyloid clearance and mitigates neurodegeneration in murine Alzheimer's disease","volume":"78","author":"Heckmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"27","key":"bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2023418118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023418118","article-title":"Autophagy deficiency modulates microglial lipid homeostasis and aggravates tau pathology and spreading","volume":"118","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13182","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13182","article-title":"Aging and sex: impact on microglia phagocytosis","volume":"19","author":"Yanguas-Cas\u00e1s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.11.004","article-title":"Retinal microglia: just bystander or target for therapy?","volume":"45","author":"Karlstetter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2018.1461294","article-title":"Age- and disease-dependent increase of the mitophagy marker phospho-ubiquitin in normal aging and Lewy body disease","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8979","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108979","article-title":"The essential role of light-induced autophagy in the inner choroid\/outer retinal neurovascular unit in baseline conditions and degeneration","volume":"24","author":"Pinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.03.006","article-title":"Retrograde axonal transport: pathways to cell death?","volume":"33","author":"Perlson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(89)90049-3","article-title":"Retardation in the slow axonal transport of cytoskeletal elements during maturation and aging","volume":"10","author":"McQuarrie","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00459-y","article-title":"Neuroprotection by Wld(S) depends on retinal ganglion cell type and age in glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Risner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17243","article-title":"Paravascular pathways in the eye: is there an 'ocular glymphatic system'?","volume":"56","author":"Denniston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"147","key":"bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147ra111","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u00df","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.12.036","article-title":"Retinal vasculitis imaging by adaptive optics","volume":"121","author":"Errera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5426","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20262","article-title":"The glymphatic system: a new player in ocular diseases?","volume":"57","author":"Wostyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26997","article-title":"The human visual pathway communicates directly with the subarachnoid space","volume":"60","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22290","article-title":"Evidence for cerebrospinal fluid entry into the optic nerve via a glymphatic pathway","volume":"58","author":"Mathieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40070","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40070","article-title":"Aquaporin-4-dependent glymphatic solute transport in the rodent brain","volume":"7","author":"Mestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.81951","article-title":"High-intensity interval training ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology by regulating astrocyte phenotype-associated AQP4 polarization","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5734","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115734","article-title":"The ocular glymphatic system-current understanding and future perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Delle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101433","article-title":"Glymphatic transport and ocular diseases","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12780-8","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human retina identifies cell types associated with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Menon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-024-09912-0","article-title":"Photoreceptors inhibit pathological retinal angiogenesis through transcriptional regulation of Adam17 via c-Fos","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161645","article-title":"Inflammatory signals from photoreceptor modulate pathological retinal angiogenesis via c-Fos","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.09.004","article-title":"Connexin43 in retinal injury and disease","volume":"51","author":"Danesh-Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-019-09681-1","article-title":"Stabilization of myeloid-derived HIFs promotes vascular regeneration in retinal ischemia","volume":"23","author":"Villacampa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0243-y","article-title":"Targeting Hif1a rescues cone degeneration and prevents subretinal neovascularization in a model of chronic hypoxia","volume":"13","author":"Barben","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100254","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1100254","article-title":"Microglia: the breakthrough to treat neovascularization and repair blood-retinal barrier in retinopathy","volume":"16","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib170","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Crosstalk between microglia and M\u00fcller glia in the age-related macular degeneration: role and therapeutic value of neuroinflammation","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06515-2","article-title":"Scavenging acrolein with 2-HDP preserves neurovascular integrity in a rat model of diabetic retinal disease","volume":"68","author":"Augustine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"39","key":"bib172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2507194122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2507194122","article-title":"Targeting endothelial ERG to mitigate vascular regression in retinopathies","volume":"122","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"41","key":"bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2426241122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2426241122","article-title":"Transpupillary in vivo two-photon imaging reveals enhanced surveillance of retinal microglia in diabetic mice","volume":"122","author":"Sotani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001473","article-title":"BI-Y, an neuropilin-1 antagonist, enhances revascularization and prevents vascular endothelial growth factor-A induced retinal hyperpermeability in rodent models of retinopathies","volume":"385","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"34","key":"bib175","first-page":"562","article-title":"Stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in endothelial cells disrupts blood-retinal barrier integrity causing neurodegeneration","volume":"7","author":"Cueva Vargas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05526-8","article-title":"Lycium barbarum glycopeptide promotes neuroprotection in ET-1 mediated retinal ganglion cell degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Lakshmanan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0103","article-title":"Glial cell activation and immune responses in glaucoma: a systematic review of human postmortem studies of the retina and optic nerve","volume":"15","author":"Salkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116711","article-title":"NADPH and NAC synergistically inhibits chronic ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation through regulating p38\/MAPK pathway and peroxidation","volume":"175","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14433","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14433","article-title":"Retinal dysfunction in APOE4 knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"21","author":"Abhyankar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70497","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70497","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy and Alzheimer's disease: convergence of the unfolded protein response in neurodegeneration","volume":"1","author":"Palacios","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02134-w","article-title":"Identification of early pericyte loss and vascular amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease retina","volume":"139","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01439-z","article-title":"Regulating microglial miR-155 transcriptional phenotype alleviates Alzheimer's-induced retinal vasculopathy by limiting Clec7a\/Galectin-3(+) neurodegenerative microglia","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00904-7","article-title":"Revisiting the neurovascular unit","volume":"24","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182993e09","article-title":"Analysis of the thickness and vascular layers of the choroid in eyes with geographic atrophy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"34","author":"Adhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.14.2","article-title":"The umbra and the penumbra: longitudinal effects of geographic atrophy in AMD on the outer choroid by imaging analysis and histopathological correlation","volume":"65","author":"Borrelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.355753","article-title":"Myelinosome organelles in pathological retinas: ubiquitous presence and dual role in ocular proteostasis maintenance","volume":"18","author":"Yefimova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"bib187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.09.002","article-title":"Defects in retinal pigment epithelial cell proteolysis and the pathology associated with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"51","author":"Ferrington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2034131","article-title":"Treatments targeting autophagy ameliorate the age-related macular degeneration phenotype in mice lacking APOE (apolipoprotein E)","volume":"18","author":"Vessey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1083","article-title":"Association of drusen deposition with choroidal intercapillary pillars in the aging human eye","volume":"45","author":"Lengyel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6476","article-title":"Choriocapillaris vascular dropout related to density of drusen in human eyes with early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"52","author":"Mullins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120919337","article-title":"Bruch's membrane pathology: a mechanistic perspective","volume":"30","author":"Murali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15492","article-title":"Retinal vascular density as a potential biomarker of diabetic cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001618","article-title":"Quantification of retinal vessel tortuosity in diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02330-w","article-title":"M2 microglia-derived exosomes promote vascular remodeling in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101209","article-title":"Hyperglycemia-regulated tRNA-derived fragment tRF-3001a propels neurovascular dysfunction in diabetic mice","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.3.53","article-title":"Neuronal degeneration and glial activation in the absence of vascular changes in human retinas of patients with diabetes","volume":"66","author":"Albertos-Arranz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103857","article-title":"Targeting long noncoding RNA-AQP4-AS1 for the treatment of retinal neurovascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"bib198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.042","article-title":"STING immune activation of microglia aggravating neurovascular unit damage in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"233","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.033548","article-title":"Reduced response of retinal vessel diameters to flicker stimulation in patients with diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Garh\u00f6fer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"16","key":"bib200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21068","article-title":"Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reverses the loss of functional hyperemia in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"58","author":"Mishra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.03.018","article-title":"Peripheral origin exosomal microRNAs aggravate glymphatic system dysfunction in diabetic cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00008-3","article-title":"The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Flammer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-023-00316-6","article-title":"Vascular dysregulation in glaucoma: retinal vasoconstriction and normal neurovascular coupling in altitudinal visual field defects","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2110329119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2110329119","article-title":"Pericyte dysfunction and loss of interpericyte tunneling nanotubes promote neurovascular deficits in glaucoma","volume":"119","author":"Alarcon-Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.009","article-title":"Spectral-domain OCT measurements in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.8.3.035002","article-title":"Concurrent OCT and OCT angiography of retinal neurovascular degeneration in the 5XFAD Alzheimer's disease mice","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3723","article-title":"M\u00fcller glial cell reprogramming and retina regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Goldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"bib208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.12.007","article-title":"M\u00fcller glia: stem cells for generation and regeneration of retinal neurons in teleost fish","volume":"40","author":"Lenkowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"6519","key":"bib209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabb8598","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8598","article-title":"Gene regulatory networks controlling vertebrate retinal regeneration","volume":"370","author":"Hoang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21174","article-title":"Pax6-positive M\u00fcller glia cells express cell cycle markers but do not proliferate after photoreceptor injury in the mouse retina","volume":"59","author":"Joly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4853-07.2008","article-title":"The proneural basic helix-loop-helix gene ascl1a is required for retina regeneration","volume":"28","author":"Fausett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2115","article-title":"Ascl1a regulates M\u00fcller glia dedifferentiation and retinal regeneration through a Lin-28-dependent, let-7 microRNA signalling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7665","key":"bib213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23283","article-title":"Stimulation of functional neuronal regeneration from M\u00fcller glia in adult mice","volume":"548","author":"Jorstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.09.048","article-title":"Glutamate-induced epigenetic and morphological changes allow rat M\u00fcller cell dedifferentiation but not further acquisition of a photoreceptor phenotype","volume":"254","author":"Reyes-Aguirre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58290-8","article-title":"Restoration of retinal regenerative potential of M\u00fcller glia by disrupting intercellular Prox1 transfer","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"44","key":"bib216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13717","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510595112","article-title":"Transgenic expression of the proneural transcription factor Ascl1 in M\u00fcller glia stimulates retinal regeneration in young mice","volume":"112","author":"Ueki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1344","article-title":"Neuroprotection of photoreceptors by minocycline in light-induced retinal degeneration","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.5.1559","article-title":"Minocycline reduces proinflammatory cytokine expression, microglial activation, and caspase-3 activation in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"54","author":"Krady","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.042","article-title":"Minocycline attenuates photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of subretinal hemorrhage microglial: inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy","volume":"179","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112889","article-title":"IGFBPL1 is a master driver of microglia homeostasis and resolution of neuroinflammation in glaucoma and brain tauopathy","volume":"42","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.07.014","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 impairs the response of neurodegenerative retinal microglia and prevents neuronal loss in glaucoma","volume":"55","author":"Margeta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-023-00388-y","article-title":"Correction: Microglia preserve visual function in the aging retina by supporting retinal pigment epithelial health","volume":"20","author":"Karg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"issue":"22","key":"bib223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14348","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c00480","article-title":"Precise modulation of pericyte dysfunction by a multifunctional nanoprodrug to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154118","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154118","article-title":"The Ca2+-gated channel TMEM16A amplifies capillary pericyte contraction and reduces cerebral blood flow after ischemia","volume":"132","author":"Korte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib225","first-page":"31","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging retina","volume":"8","author":"Eells","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.006","article-title":"CD38 dictates age-related NAD decline and mitochondrial dysfunction through an SIRT3-dependent mechanism","volume":"23","author":"Camacho-Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00298-z","article-title":"CD38 ecto-enzyme in immune cells is induced during aging and regulates NAD(+) and NMN levels","volume":"2","author":"Chini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16101320","article-title":"Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors in diabetic retinopathy: an attractive but elusive choice for drug development","volume":"16","author":"P\u00f6sty\u00e9ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"22","key":"bib229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10923","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262210923","article-title":"Preventive and protective effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide boosters in aging and retinal diseases","volume":"26","author":"Noreen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131708","article-title":"Beyond the complement cascade: insights into systemic immunosenescence and inflammaging in age-related macular degeneration and current barriers to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.037","article-title":"Declining NAD(+) induces a pseudohypoxic state disrupting nuclear-mitochondrial communication during aging","volume":"155","author":"Gomes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01502-8","article-title":"Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.4.14","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside mitigates retinal degeneration by suppressing damaged DNA-stimulated microglial activation and STING-mediated pyroptosis","volume":"66","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061162","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide (vitamin B(3)) on neurodegeneration in diabetic rat retinas","volume":"14","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5961123","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5961123","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates cellular senescence and inflammation caused by sodium iodate in RPE","volume":"022","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0996","article-title":"Sirt1: a guardian of the development of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"67","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.4.20","article-title":"Intravitreal administration of AAV2-SIRT1 reverses diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Adu-Agyeiwaah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-017-0017-8","article-title":"Neuroprotective role of retinal SIRT3 against acute photo-stress","volume":"3","author":"Ban","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech Dis"},{"key":"bib239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109015","article-title":"Effect of Sirt3 on retinal pigment epithelial cells in high glucose through Foxo3a\/PINK1-Parkin pathway mediated mitophagy","volume":"218","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.04.030","article-title":"Sirt6 protects retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve from degeneration during aging and glaucoma","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150073","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.0073","article-title":"Near-infrared light increases ATP, extends lifespan and improves mobility in aged Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"11","author":"Begum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.010","article-title":"Mitochondrial decline precedes phenotype development in the complement factor H mouse model of retinal degeneration but can be corrected by near infrared light","volume":"36","author":"Calaza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974","article-title":"The gut microbiota\u2013masters of host development and physiology","volume":"11","author":"Sommer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.03.002","article-title":"Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Thevaranjan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt106","article-title":"Age-associated remodeling of the intestinal epithelial barrier","volume":"68","author":"Tran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(92)90059-9","article-title":"Effect of aging and caloric restriction on intestinal permeability","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0296-0","article-title":"(Dis)Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease","volume":"5","author":"Buford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"bib249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01385","article-title":"Aged gut microbiota contributes to systemical inflammaging after transfer to germ-free mice","volume":"8","author":"Fransen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"bib250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16003","DOI":"10.1038\/npjamd.2016.3","article-title":"A glimpse at the aging eye","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01243-w","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain","volume":"10","author":"Parker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.12.014","article-title":"The pathobiology of neurovascular aging","volume":"113","author":"Santisteban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"21","key":"bib253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13211755","article-title":"The well-forgotten old: platelet-rich plasma in modern anti-aging therapy","volume":"13","author":"Gorodilova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7976","key":"bib254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06436-3","article-title":"Platelet factors attenuate inflammation and rescue cognition in ageing","volume":"620","author":"Schroer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"29","key":"bib255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadv6642","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adv6642","article-title":"Heterochronic parabiosis uncovers AdipoR1 as a critical player in retinal rejuvenation","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70014","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70014","article-title":"Healthy aging metabolomic and proteomic signatures across multiple physiological compartments","volume":"24","author":"Moaddel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"7632","key":"bib257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20587","article-title":"Gamma frequency entrainment attenuates amyloid load and modifies microglia","volume":"540","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-024-00701-z","article-title":"40 Hz light flickering facilitates the glymphatic flow via adenosine signaling in mice","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00922-4","article-title":"Impact of multisession 40Hz tACS on hippocampal perfusion in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Sprugnoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14038","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14038","article-title":"Calorie restriction reduces biomarkers of cellular senescence in humans","volume":"23","author":"Aversa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12512","article-title":"Exercise reverses age-related vulnerability of the retina to injury by preventing complement-mediated synapse elimination via a BDNF-dependent pathway","volume":"15","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21008","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160921008","article-title":"Treadmill exercise attenuates retinal oxidative stress in naturally-aged mice: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010274","article-title":"Effects of caloric restriction diet on arterial hypertension and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Di Daniele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.13.7","article-title":"Vasomotion in retinal arterioles is modified by exercise and flicker stimulation","volume":"63","author":"Petersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.13.25","article-title":"Increased oxygen saturation in retinal venules during isometric exercise is accompanied with increased peripheral blood flow in normal persons","volume":"64","author":"Drachmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.15.62","article-title":"Retinal neurovascular and mitochondrial function signatures in response to a 24-week yoga intervention in healthy adults","volume":"66","author":"Gameiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"817","key":"bib267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eads5769","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads5769","article-title":"Retinal polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation reverses aging-related vision decline in mice","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15336","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and hypertension: a review of vasodilatory mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid","volume":"178","author":"Bercea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"bib269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.10.018","article-title":"Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function","volume":"115","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1049-9","article-title":"Role of ?3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and meta bolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Eynard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2200727","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200727","article-title":"Fish oil in glaucoma treatment: from biological functions to clinical potential","volume":"67","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36268-0","article-title":"Improvement of retinal function in Alzheimer disease-associated retinopathy by dietary lysophosphatidylcholine-EPA\/DHA","volume":"13","author":"Sugasini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.4.16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:14Z","timestamp":1791927134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.4.16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":272,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.4.16","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]}}}